philo

The Pre-Socratic Philosophers

-There were the philosophers who lived before Socrates.

- They were the first to ask deep questions

Pre-Socratic Thinkers:

- Thales of Miletus: Considered the "Father of Philosophy" He believed that water is the basic substance of all things

- Pythagoras: He believed in reincarnation and the founder of Pythagorean theorem

-Heraclitus: Said that change is the only constant. He used fire to symbolize change.

-Anaximenes: Believed that air is the essential element of the universe.

-Parmenides: Opposed Heraclitues; he claimed that reality is unchanging and that change is an illusion

-Democritus: Introduced the idea of the atom.

Time of Socrates

MORE ON practical PHILOSOPHY

Key Contributions of Socrates

- Developed the Socratic Method: a series of guided questions to lead people to discover truth for themselves

-Believed that true wisdom begins wth recognizing one's ignorance

- Focused on Ethics

Branches of Philosophy

Theoretical - the reality

ONTOLOGY - STUDY OF BEING AND EXISTENCE

EPISTEMOLOGY - STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE

META PHYSICS - STUDY OF REALITY

THEODICY - STUDY OF GOD

PRACTICAL PHILOSOPHY - HOW WE ACT, LIVE, AND INTERACT

LOGIC - STUDY OF CORRECT THINKING AND VALID REASONING

ETHICS - STUDY OF MORALITY, VALUES, AND RIGHT LIVING

AXIOLOGY - STUDY OF VALUES

APPROACHES IN PHILOSOPHY

It refers to different ways of thinking based on reason and reflection

Speculative or Theoretical Approach

- thinking about reality

Analytic Approach

- Emphasized clarity

Existential or Phenomenological Approach

- Centers on human experience

Pragmatic Approach

- Focuses on practical consequences and usefulness of ideas

Dialetic Approach

- Involves debate