Functional Groups

  • Alkane: -ane C−CC-CC−C (single bonds)

  • Alkene: -ene C=CC=CC=C (double bond)

  • Alkyne: -yne C≡CC \equiv CC≡C (triple bond)

  • Alcohol: -ol R−OHR-OHR−OH (hydroxyl group)

  • Aldehyde: -al R−CHOR-CHOR−CHO (carbonyl + hydrogen)

  • Ketone: -one R−CO−R′R-CO-R'R−CO−R′ (carbonyl group)

  • Carboxylic Acid: -oic acid R−COOHR-COOHR−COOH (carboxyl group)

  • Ester: -oate R−COO−R′R-COO-R'R−COO−R′ (carbonyl + oxygen + alkyl group)

  • Ether: -ether R−O−R′R-O-R'R−O−R′ (oxygen bonded to two alkyl groups)

  • Amine: -amine R−NH2R-NH_2R−NH2​, R2−NHR_2-NHR2​−NH, R3−NR_3-NR3​−N (nitrogen bonded to alkyl groups)