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Respiratory Therapy Study Guide: Lung Volumes, PFTs, and ABGs
Respiratory Therapy Study Guide: Lung Volumes, PFTs, and ABGs
ABG Interpretation and Respiratory Concepts
ABG Condition Characteristics
Respiratory Acidosis:
High PaCO2.
Respiratory Alkalosis:
Low PaCO2.
Metabolic Alkalosis:
High HCO or low H+.
Metabolic Acidosis:
Low HCO3- or high H+.
Buffers & Gas Regulation
Hemoglobin:
The most important protein buffer in the body.
Respiratory System:
Helps regulate CO2 levels in the blood, which affects pH balance.
Key Concepts to Remember
CO2 is acidic. More CO2 = lower pH (acidosis).
HCO3- is a base. More HCO3- = higher pH (alkalosis).
FRC is all the leftover air after you breathe out normally.
Peak flow is all about speed - how fast you can blow air out.
Key Respiratory Terms
Air Trapping:
Air that stays in the lungs after exhaling because of airway narrowing (often in asthma or COPD).
Functional Residual Capacity (FRC):
The air left in the lungs after a normal exhale.
FRC = Residual Volume (RV) + Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)
Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs)
Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF):
The fastest speed a person can blow air out.
Diffusion Capacity:
Measures how well gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide move across the alveolar-capillary membrane.
Body Plethysmography:
The most accurate test to measure FRC.
Other FRC Test Options:
Multibreath Nitrogen Washout
Helium Dilution
ABG Interpretation - Normal Values
pH:
7.35-7.45
PaCO2:
35-45 mm Hg (ABG), 40-52 mm Hg (VBG)
HCO3-:
22-26 mmol/L
PaO2:
80-100 mm Hg
ABG Interpretation - Examples
Example 1:
pH: 7.21
PaCO2: 94 mm Hg
HCO3-: 26
Diagnosis: Respiratory Acidosis (high CO2, low pH)
Example 2:
pH: 7.51
PaCO2: 23 mm Hg
HCO3-: 22
Diagnosis: Respiratory Alkalosis (low CO2, high pH)
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Explore Top Notes
Topic 09: Transport in Animals
Note
Studied by 5 people
5.0
(1)
Chapter 17: Identification of Urine, Sweat, Fecal Matter, and Vomitus
Note
Studied by 14 people
5.0
(1)
Energy Sources
Note
Studied by 60 people
5.0
(3)
Chapter 18: Technology in the Workplace
Note
Studied by 29 people
5.0
(1)
Transatlantic trade
Note
Studied by 45 people
5.0
(2)
Untitled Flashcards Set
Note
Studied by 2 people
5.0
(1)