bsc2011 quiz 3
Which type of green algae are the closest relatives of land plants?
- charophytes
For the first land plants, what were the benefits of living in a terrestrial environment?
- The bright sunlight was Unfiltered by water and plankton
- The atmosphere offered more plentiful carbon dioxide than did water
- The soil by the water’s edge was rich in some mineral nutrients
For the first land plants, what were the challenges of living in a terrestrial environment?
- Relative scarcity of water and a lack of structural support against gravity
What is gametophyte? Is it haploid or diploid?
- A gamete producing plant, it is haploid
What is a gametangium?
- Multicellular structures that produce gametes and are covered by protective tissue
What is an antheridium?
- Male gametangia
What is an archegonium?
- Female gametangia
Which gametangium produces sperm?
- antheridium
Which gametangium produces eggs?
- archegonium
The embryos of bryophytes and seedless vascular plants grow within the tissues of the female parent. How does this benefit the embryo?
- Protect the developing embryo from harsh environmental conditions and provide nutrients such as sugars and amino acids
What is sporophyte? Is it haploid or diploid?
- Spore producing plant
- diploid
What are sporangia?
- Sporophyte stage of the plant life cycle has multicellular organs
By which process are spores produced?
- sporangia
What substance makes spores of bryophytes and seedless vascular plants resistant to drying out?
- Polymer sporopollenin
What are apical meristems and how do they benefit a plant?
- Localized regions of cell division at the tips of roots and shoots
- It increases the plants exposure to environmental resources
Explain how a cuticle facilitates terrestrial life by plants.
- Acts as a waterproofing, helping prevent excessive water loss from the aboveground plant
Explain how stomata facilitate terrestrial life by plants.
- Allows the exchange of CO2 and O2 between the outside air and the plant
When did land plants first appear on Earth?
- 470 million years ago
When did vascular plants first appear on Earth?
- 425 million years ago
When did forests first appear on Earth?
- 360 million years ago
What is the most ancient group of living vascular plants?
- liverworts
How did the first forests affect the global climate during the Carboniferous period?
- Carbon. Being returned into the atmosphere
Which type of plant became coal?
- Seedless vascular plants
What are examples of bryophytes?
- Liverworts, mosses, hornworts
What are examples of Lycophytes?
- Club mosses, spikemosses, quillworts
What are examples of Monilophytes?
- Ferns, horsetails, whisk ferns
What are the anatomical differences between bryophytes and Lycophytes?
- Bryophytes are nonvascular
- Lycophytes are vascular
What are the anatomical differences between Lycophytes and Monilophytes?
- Monilophytes Common ancestor with seed plants,
- Leaves complexion
When did seed-producing plants first appear on Earth?
- 470 million years ago
Which vascular plants produce seeds?
- Gymnosperms
- angiosperms
Which vascular plants do not produce seeds?
- Lycophytes
- monilophytes
What are the 2 major groups of seed-producing plants?
- Gymnosperms
- angiosperms
How do seeds differ from spores?
- Seeds are an embryo
- Spores are reproductive cells
94__ % of all extant plants have vascular tissue.
90 % of all extant plants produce flowers.
Define extant.
- surviving
What does “wort” (as in liverwort or hornwort) mean?
- Herb, named for their shape
Explain why the word “moss” can be a confusing term.
- Because many believe plants called mosses are actually not all mosses
Which structures in the true moss life cycle are haploid? Which are diploid?
Spore
- haploid
protonema
- haploid
gametophyte
- haploid
antheridium
-
archegonium
- diploid
sperm
- haploid
egg
- haplid
zygote
- diploid
embryo
- haploid
sporophyte
- diploid
Which is the dominant generation in bryophytes? gametophyte or sporophyte
- gametophyte
In bryophytes, how does a sperm travel to an egg?
- Swim through water
Why do most bryophytes live in moist places?
- Required a film of water to reach the eggs
How do rhizoids differ from roots?
- Lack specialized conducting cells and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorportion
Which plants have rhizoids?
- Liver worts, hornworts, mosses
- gametophytes
Which plants have roots?
- Vascular plant sporophytes
Which can grow taller? bryophyte or seedless vascular plant
- Seedless vascular plant
Explain why one of these plants can grow taller than the other.
- Because it has a well-developed vascular system
For plants, what are the ecological benefits of growing tall?
- Tall plants outcompete short plants
- Spores of tall plants disperse farther
What is xylem?
- Conducts most of the water and minerals
What is phloem?
- Cells arranged into tubes tha distribute sugars, amino acids, and other organic products
What is lignin?
- Cell walls strengthener
Which plants have leaves?
- Microphyll
- megaphyll
Which plants have microphylls? What are microphylls?
- Lycophytes
- Small spine shaped leaves supported by a. Single strand of vascular tissue
Which plants have megaphylls? What are megaphylls?
- Vascular plants
- Leaves with highly branched vascular system
What are sporophylls?
- Modified leaves that bear sporangia
What are sori?
- Sporphyllls produce clusters of sporangia
Which structures in the fern life cycle are haploid? Which are diploid?
Spore
- haploid
gametophyte
- haploid
antheridium
- haploid
archegonium
- haploid
sperm
- haploid
egg
- haploid
zygote
- diploid
sporophyte
- diploid
sporangium
- diploid
Which is the dominant generation in seedless vascular plants? gametophyte or sporophyte
- sporophyte
In seedless vascular plants, how does a sperm travel to an egg?
- Swimming through a film of water
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