Ict most repeated questions

Chapter 1: Software and Hardware

• Definition of Hardware

  • Physical components of a computer system.

• Definition of Software

  • General term for programs that control computer systems and process data.

• Types of Software:

  • Application Software: Specific tasks (e.g., word processors, photo editing).

  • System Software: Enables hardware function and user interaction (e.g., operating systems).

User Interfaces

• Graphical User Interface (GUI):

  • User-friendly; no need to learn commands, uses icons.

  • Menus aid in selecting actions.

• Command Line Interface (CLI):

  • Requires learning commands and typing them accurately.

  • Understanding computer paths important for operation.

RAM vs. ROM

• RAM (Random Access Memory):

  • Temporary storage; data lost when powered off; volatile memory.

• ROM (Read-Only Memory):

  • Permanent storage; retains data when powered off; non-volatile memory.

Differences in Devices

• Laptops vs. Desktops vs. Smartphones:

  • Discuss variations in form factor, portability, and usage environments.

Application Software vs. System Software

• Application Software: Programs for specific tasks (e.g., office applications).

• System Software: Programs that manage hardware operations.

Virtual Reality

• Definition: Creates an interactive artificial environment.

• Applications: Used in architecture, pilot training, surgical training, and gaming.

• General Equipment Used: Goggles, gloves, sensors, powerful computers.

Chapter 2 - Input and Output Devices

• Input Devices:

  • Keyboards, mice, touchpads, scanners, digital cameras, sensors, graphic tablets, etc.

• Output Devices:

  • CRT, LCD monitors, printers, speakers, multimedia projectors.

Reading Data from RFID Chips

• Communication via radio signals (interrogation waves); act as passive transponders.

Printer Comparison

• Dot Matrix Printers:

  • Impact printers, slow, noisy, lower output quality; used for multi-part outputs.

• 3D Printers:

  • Produce solid objects, useful in CAD applications, beneficial in medical fields.

• Laser Printers:

  • High-quality, high-volume, fast printing; quiet operation compared to inkjet.

• Inkjet Printers:

  • Cheaper than lasers, ideal for low volume; slower and prone to smudging.

Chapter 3 - Storage Devices

• Comparative Storage:

  • Fixed Hard Disk, Blu-ray, Magnetic Tape, Memory Card.

• Pen Drive vs. CD-R:

  • Both are portable storage, with pen drives being more robust and having greater capacity.

• Advantages of SSD over HDD:

  • No moving parts, more reliable, lightweight, energy-efficient, cooler running.

Chapter 4 - Networking

• Internet vs. Intranet:

  • Internet: public, global; Intranet: private to organizations; more reliable, relevant data.

• Network Types:

  • WAN: Wide Area Network for long distances (e.g., the internet).

  • LAN: Local Area Network for smaller areas (e.g., a building).

  • WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network allows short-distance wireless communication.

Video Conferencing

• Description and hardware required: webcam, screen, speakers, microphone.

Encryption

• Definition: Process of converting information into a coded format, requiring a secret key for decoding.

Data Routing with Routers

• Data packets are sent using IP addresses to find the best route.

Chapter 5 - Employment Changes Due to ICT

• Decreased Employment: Manual jobs, bank cashiers.

• Increased Employment: IT roles such as web design, system analysts.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Microprocessor-Controlled Devices

Online Shopping and Banking

• Advantages:

  • Global access, convenient, accessible 24/7.

• Disadvantages:

  • Potential isolation, security risks, lack of physical inspection of products.

Chapter 6 - Computer Security

• Methods for Securing Personal Data:

  • Limit personal info sharing, use trusted websites, maintain privacy settings.

Biometrics vs. Traditional Security

• Advantages and disadvantages of using biometric security systems.

Chapter 7 - System Implementation

• Types of system implementation: parallel, direct, phased.

• Verification Methods:

  • Double entry and visual checks.

Methods of Researching Current Systems

• Observations, interviews, questionnaires, examining documents.

Chapter 8 - Data Protection Principles

• Overview of data protection laws and user rights.

Spam Email and Security Measures

• Using filters, avoiding spam interactions, and maintaining privacy.

Chapter 9 - Copyright and Software Protection

• Importance of copyright laws for software and ways to prevent piracy.

Chapter 10 - Evaluating Information Reliability

• Criteria for assessing information online, advantages, and disadvantages of cloud storage.