HOST Semester One
Aristocrat - Inherits money, title, and power
Technology - Designing tools to solve problems
Resources - Objects/Talents to use for practical purposes
Primary Effect - First, most immediate change caused by an event
Secondary Effect - Bigger changes caused by the first set of changes
Tertiary Effect - Even larger changes caused by earlier sets of changes
Idea - Imagining something that could be
“Correlation is not Causation“
Tare - Setting a scale to zero (Can be used to set items to zero so that they are not counted in the measurement)
Gross - Total Amount
Net - Total amount after something is subtracted from Gross (Net Worth)
Weights and Measures - Standard units that tell you how much you have of something
Metric System - A common measurement system almost used everywhere
Smoot - Height/length of Oliver R. Smoot, 5ft 7in
Regulates all measuring devices
Precision scales, gas pumps, transfer scales
Need good math skills
Use old-fashioned equipment to measure, sometimes uses electronics
In 1919, became a department under the Department of Agriculture
Part of Department of Agriculture due to the need to measure quantities of crops and agriculture
Investigator addresses consumer complaints
Verify gas pumps and scales every year
Labs have samples of weights compared with national standards
All weights are tracked each day in an Excel spreadsheet
Gas pumps must be read at eye level, at the meniscus (And other scales too)
Optics - The technology of seeing things (HOST def.)
Stonehenge - Giant stone structure, tracks solstices and served as a burial ground
Astrolabe - Used measurements of stars to find longitude and latitude (especially at sea)
Sextant - Can be used to find longitude/latitude or the time with advanced calculations
Concave - Slightly dish-shaped (Like a dent)
Convex - Slightly bump-shaped
Rectilinear Propagation of Light - Light always travels in a straight line
Summer Solstice (Midsummer) - Longest day, shortest night (June 21), beginning of Summer
Winter Solstice (Yule) - Shortest day, longest night (December 21), beginning of Winter
In the northern region of the northern hemisphere, there is no sun at all.
Vernal Equinox- First day of Spring, day/night same length
Autumnal Equinox - First day of Autumn, day/night same length
Astronomy - Study of stars
Astrology - Trying to predict the future and personalities through star position
Eratosthenes - 276 B.C.E, head librarian at the library of Alexandria, Ptolemy
Calculated the circumference of the Earth using Solstice measurements
He planted sticks into the grounds of two cities. When the shadows were of different length, he used simple mathematics to calculate the circumference.
Primary Effect of the Sextant - Users know where they were
Secondary Effect of the Sextant - Time was needed to use the sextant, which started a motion to invent an accurate clock that could work at sea.
Most clocks depended on a pendulum, which would not work at sea
Chronometer was invented, and then accurate timekeeping was there to use the sextant.
European army officers were almost always aristocrats and did not always know what they were doing. Naval officers, however, had to be very well educated (Europe had the best Navy)
Tertiary Effect of the Sextant - Royal Naval Observatory, science/math linked to Navy.
Located at the Prime Meridian, Greenwich, England
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time
Lenses - A clear piece of glass or plastic that changes the focus of an image
Primary Effect of Lenses - Images could be made to look larger or closer
Secondary Effect of Lenses - Grinding lenses was invented, or making lenses concave or convex
Tertiary Effect of Lenses - Important lens inventions were invented (Eyeglasses, binoculars, telescope, microscope, contact lenses)
None of this was possible until the world had access to clear, transparent glass
Contaminant - A something in a substance that makes it contaminated (Not pure)
Glass - Silica melted into a transparent material, often from sand with the contaminants removed
Both were devices that could be used to find the user’s location.
The sextant was much more accurate than the astrolabe, but required more advanced calculations.
Like a math equation, both devices needed three criteria to be used (If the user knew any 2 of these 3 criteria, they could find the third one.)
Time
The measurements of the stars
Location
Aristocrat - Inherits money, title, and power
Technology - Designing tools to solve problems
Resources - Objects/Talents to use for practical purposes
Primary Effect - First, most immediate change caused by an event
Secondary Effect - Bigger changes caused by the first set of changes
Tertiary Effect - Even larger changes caused by earlier sets of changes
Idea - Imagining something that could be
“Correlation is not Causation“
Tare - Setting a scale to zero (Can be used to set items to zero so that they are not counted in the measurement)
Gross - Total Amount
Net - Total amount after something is subtracted from Gross (Net Worth)
Weights and Measures - Standard units that tell you how much you have of something
Metric System - A common measurement system almost used everywhere
Smoot - Height/length of Oliver R. Smoot, 5ft 7in
Regulates all measuring devices
Precision scales, gas pumps, transfer scales
Need good math skills
Use old-fashioned equipment to measure, sometimes uses electronics
In 1919, became a department under the Department of Agriculture
Part of Department of Agriculture due to the need to measure quantities of crops and agriculture
Investigator addresses consumer complaints
Verify gas pumps and scales every year
Labs have samples of weights compared with national standards
All weights are tracked each day in an Excel spreadsheet
Gas pumps must be read at eye level, at the meniscus (And other scales too)
Optics - The technology of seeing things (HOST def.)
Stonehenge - Giant stone structure, tracks solstices and served as a burial ground
Astrolabe - Used measurements of stars to find longitude and latitude (especially at sea)
Sextant - Can be used to find longitude/latitude or the time with advanced calculations
Concave - Slightly dish-shaped (Like a dent)
Convex - Slightly bump-shaped
Rectilinear Propagation of Light - Light always travels in a straight line
Summer Solstice (Midsummer) - Longest day, shortest night (June 21), beginning of Summer
Winter Solstice (Yule) - Shortest day, longest night (December 21), beginning of Winter
In the northern region of the northern hemisphere, there is no sun at all.
Vernal Equinox- First day of Spring, day/night same length
Autumnal Equinox - First day of Autumn, day/night same length
Astronomy - Study of stars
Astrology - Trying to predict the future and personalities through star position
Eratosthenes - 276 B.C.E, head librarian at the library of Alexandria, Ptolemy
Calculated the circumference of the Earth using Solstice measurements
He planted sticks into the grounds of two cities. When the shadows were of different length, he used simple mathematics to calculate the circumference.
Primary Effect of the Sextant - Users know where they were
Secondary Effect of the Sextant - Time was needed to use the sextant, which started a motion to invent an accurate clock that could work at sea.
Most clocks depended on a pendulum, which would not work at sea
Chronometer was invented, and then accurate timekeeping was there to use the sextant.
European army officers were almost always aristocrats and did not always know what they were doing. Naval officers, however, had to be very well educated (Europe had the best Navy)
Tertiary Effect of the Sextant - Royal Naval Observatory, science/math linked to Navy.
Located at the Prime Meridian, Greenwich, England
GMT - Greenwich Mean Time
Lenses - A clear piece of glass or plastic that changes the focus of an image
Primary Effect of Lenses - Images could be made to look larger or closer
Secondary Effect of Lenses - Grinding lenses was invented, or making lenses concave or convex
Tertiary Effect of Lenses - Important lens inventions were invented (Eyeglasses, binoculars, telescope, microscope, contact lenses)
None of this was possible until the world had access to clear, transparent glass
Contaminant - A something in a substance that makes it contaminated (Not pure)
Glass - Silica melted into a transparent material, often from sand with the contaminants removed
Both were devices that could be used to find the user’s location.
The sextant was much more accurate than the astrolabe, but required more advanced calculations.
Like a math equation, both devices needed three criteria to be used (If the user knew any 2 of these 3 criteria, they could find the third one.)
Time
The measurements of the stars
Location
