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Student Communication and Safety

• Acknowledge current tension in local areas affecting students.

• Emphasize the importance of safety and staying indoors as much as possible.

• Encourage students who need more time for paper submissions to communicate directly.

  • Paper is worth 40% of the overall quarter grade.

  • Important for all students to ensure their submissions are received by the instructor.

  • Note the challenges in tracking submissions in a large class.

Paper Submission Importance

• Students should reach out if they have not submitted their papers or need an extension.

• The instructor wants to ensure no one fails due to non-submission.

• Highlight the unique opportunity with art reviews, which allowed for online exploration of artworks.

• Most students found the process manageable, as no physical trips to museums were required.

Principles of Design: Rhythm

• Rhythm in Art: Considered the last principle of design.

  • Involves repetition of forms, shapes, or colors that guide the viewer's eye throughout the artwork.

• Examples:

  • Early Sunday Morning by Edward Hopper: Showcases rhythm through the arrangement of windows and storefronts.

  • Composition in Color A by Piet Mondrian: Emphasizes rhythm through the repetition of shapes and colors.

• Rhythm does not focus on a single emphasis point; the eye travels throughout the artwork without stopping.

Music and Rhythm in Art

• Recommended music to accompany art observation, such as Pachelbel’s "Canon in D" to enhance engagement with the artwork.

• Many artists, including Mondrian, drew inspiration from musical rhythms in their creations.

• Notable work: Starry Night by Vincent van Gogh, exhibiting dynamic rhythmic brushstrokes in the sky.

Baroque Art Period Overview

• Transition from Renaissance to Baroque (1600-1700).

• Key historical context: European expansion and scientific advancements.

• Galileo Galilei: Influential figure whose heliocentric theory angered the Catholic Church.

  • Church's defense of geocentrism was connected to its desire for dominance in society.

Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation

• Martin Luther’s Contributions:

  • Proposed 95 Theses criticizing the Catholic Church’s practices, highlighting corruption, including indulgences.

  • The Reformation was not originally intended to break away from Catholicism but rather to promote reform.

  • By 1600, a notable percentage of Western Europe had converted to Protestantism.

Catholic Counter-Reformation and Council of Trent

• Counter-Reformation: In response to Protestantism, the Catholic Church sought to reform itself beginning with the Council of Trent (1545-1563).

• Addressed issues raised by Luther but rejected the removal of art from churches, citing educational purposes for the largely illiterate population.

Characteristics of Baroque Art

• Definition of "Baroque": Derived from Portuguese meaning "irregular or imperfect pearl."

• Distinct from Renaissance art; Baroque art is emotional, dramatic, and sometimes overly ornate.

• Intended to rekindle interest in the Catholic faith through its art.

Notable Baroque Artworks and Artists

• Baldacchino by Gian Lorenzo Bernini: A canopy in St. Peter's Basilica, exemplifying dramatic energy through twisted columns and ornate designs.

  • Embedded vines symbolizing the connection of the followers of Jesus to the church.

• Church of Santa Maria Della Vittoria: Commissioned by the Coronaro family for a personal chapel.

• Sculpture of Saint Teresa: Captures intense emotional anticipation and drama, aligning with Baroque sensibilities.

Engagement with Art

• Baroque artists aimed to immerse viewers into their works, creating a sense of presence.

• Uses of theatricality and the evocation of emotion characterize the Baroque period's contributions to art history.

• Future discussions will include analysis of French Baroque artists like Caravaggio, emphasizing differing styles within the movement.

Conclusion and Class Updates

• Recap of class discussions and the importance of understanding the transition from Renaissance to Baroque.

• Reminders about staying safe and healthy amidst ongoing challenges in the local community.