psy235 exam #3 vocab

Cultural Display Rules: Norms learned early in life to manage our emotional expression according to situations

Interpersonal: Relationship between two or more individuals

Intrapersonal: What occurs within an individual

Social and Cultural: Effect that emotions have on functioning/maintenance of societies and cultures

Social Referencing: Process of individuals looking for informations from others then using that to shape their behavior

Affect: Feelings that can be described in terms of arousal and valence

Actual Affect: State people actually feel

Ideal Affect: State people want to fee

Independent Self: Self is distinct and must be expressed to influence others

Interdependent Self: Self is connected to others and must suppress self to adjust to others

Social Constructivism: Knowledge is first created and learned within a society then adopted by individuals

Universalism: There are certain standards in basic domains that all humans experience

Central Route: Direct, relevant, logical messages

Fixed Action Patterns: Behavior sequences that occur in the same way and order always

Foot in the Door: Small, initial commitment to bigger commitment

Heuristics: Mental shortcuts allowing people to make decisions quickly

Peripheral Route: Superficial cues with little logic

Psychological Reactance: Reaction to things perceived to limit freedoms

Social Proof: If everyone is doing it, it must be right

Reciprocity: Pressure to repay what another person has given us

Scarcity: Things are more attractive when availability is limited

Triad of Trust: Vulnerability to persuasion is highest when source is perceived as an authority, as honest, and likable

Trigger Features: Specific, aspects of a situation that activate fixed action patterns

Conformity: Changing behavior to match a social norm

Descriptive Norm: Perception of what others do in a situation

Informational Influence: Conformity resulting from concern to act in a normal manner determined by others actions

Normative Influence: Conformity resulting from concert of what others think of us

Obedience: Responding to an order from an authority figure

Collective Self-Esteem: Feelings of self-worth based on relationships with others / social groups

Common Knowledge Effect: Tendency for groups to spend more time discussing shared information and less time on unshared information

Downward Social Comparison: Comparing self to less fortunate

Group Cohesion: Solidarity or unity of a group resulting from strong interpersonal bonds among members

Group Polarization: Tendency for members of a deliberating group to move to a more extreme position, with direction determined by majority

Groupthink: Negative group-level processes, like pressures to conform or self-censorship, when highly cohesive groups seek a middle ground

Ostracism: Excluding one or more people from a group by reducing contact

Shared Mental Model: Knowledge, expectations, and other representations that members of a group have in common

Social Comparison: Contrasting one’s personal qualities with others

Social Facilitation: Improvement in performance when in presence of others

Social Identity Theory: Theoretical analysis of group processes and intergroup relations that assumes groups influence members self-concepts

Social Loafing: Reduction of individual effort when they work in groups

Sociometer Model: Conceptual analysis of self-evaluation processes that theorizes self-esteem is a monitor of inclusion/exclusion in groups

Teamwork: Members of a team combine their knowledge to produce an outcome