Untitled Flashcards Set

1. Front: At what age can someone be fingerprinted?
   Back: 14 years or older

2. Front: Where are fingerprints checked

Back: NCICS

3.)Front: Can physical evidence be present at an arson crime scene?

Back: True

4.)Front: Can contaminants be found on latent fingerprints during lab processes?
Back: True

5.)Front: What is the exclusionary rule?

Back: Evidence obtained illegally cannot be used in court

6.)Front: What should be done first with patent impressions, prints, or trace evidence?

Back: They should be photographed first

7.)Front: What is a patent fingerprint?

Back: A fingerprint that is visible to the naked eye

8.)Front: What are natural and synthetic fibers?

Back: Natural = cotton; Synthetic = manmade

9.)Front: What does the linkage triangle illustrate?

Back: Possible transfer of evidence between the suspect, victim, and scene

10.)Front: What is the purpose of a crime scene sketch?
Back: Provides factual data for crime scene reconstructions (shows what you saw)

11.)Front: What are examples of physical evidence?
Back: Fingerprints, hair, fibers, blood, DNA, etc.

12.)Front: What is physical evidence?

Back: Tangible evidence that can be seen, touched, smelled, and collected

13.)Front: What does CODIS stand for?
Back: Combined DNA Index System

14.)Front: What is direct evidence?
Back: Evidence that proves a fact without inference (e.g., camera footage, DNA)

15.)Front: What are the three steps in securing a crime scene?
Back:

1. Render aid

2. Make it safe

3. Secure the scene

16.)Front: What does the 4th Amendment protect against?

Back: Illegal searches and seizures

17.)Front: Why is the method of obtaining evidence important?
Back: Improperly obtained evidence may not be admissible in court

18.)Front: What are the first three steps at a crime scene?
Back:

1. Render aid

2. Make it safe

3. Secure the scene

19.)Front: What must be done once the crime scene is secured?
Back: A field sketch must be created to document the scene

20.)Front: Who can enter or exit the crime scene?

Back: No one unless logged; all movements must be documented

21.)Front: Who starts the chain of command?
Back: The first responders

22.)Front: Why is protecting evidence at the scene important?

Back: To prevent contamination and maintain integrity

23.)Front: What is needed if there are multiple crime scenes?

Back: A command center

24.)All photographs need to be taken at 90 degrees

from the surface upon which they occur (the “normal” to the surface) to prevent distor￾tion.

25.)Photography also plays an important role in the efforts to reconstruct the events of 

the crime

26.)For this 

reason, it is a better policy to take too many photographs rather than too few

27.)Front: What must be done if a round passes through a person?
Back: The rounds must be located

28.)Front: How should blood-contaminated rounds be stored?
Back: In a metal can

29.)Front: What must you do if multiple cartridges are found at a crime scene?
Back:

• Place numbered cards next to each one

• Label them in sequence

• Take a picture

• Measure from a reference point

30.)Front: How should rounds be picked up at a crime scene?
Back: With non-metallic tweezers to avoid scratching the cartridge

31.)Front: What must be done if bullet holes are found in a wall?
Back:

• Measure the holes

• Measure from a reference point

• Sections of the wall may be taken as evidence

32.)Front: What are lands and grooves?

Back: Unique imprints in the barrel of a firearm

33.)Front: Where can gunpowder residue be found on a shooter?

Back: Hands, clothes, or hair

34.)Front: What should be done if a suspect is at the crime scene?
Back:

• Cover their hands with paper bags

• Remove every article of clothing for evidence

35.)Front: How should a firearm found in water be collected?

Back: In the same water it was found in to preserve evidence

36.)Front: How do ballistics experts analyze a firearm?
Back:

• Fire it in a controlled environment

• Match rounds to those found at the crime scene or other crimes

37.)Front: How do investigators locate bullets inside a victim?
Back:

• X-ray the body

• Insert a metal rod during the autopsy to trace the bullet path

38.)*Every firearm is perceived to be loaded* 

39.) - Theres a difference from the blood in your body, venus blood(in your body/arteries/darker) and  arterial blood(bright blood/ on the outside/surface) 

40.)entire garment with blood stains should be collected* 

41.)*No pathogens can be packaged in plastic* 

*Heat, Humidity, and Sunlight are 3 things that should be avoided

42.)Heat, O2, Fuel are the fire triangle 

43.)Paper, Cardboard, Compression Shirts, Wood are porous 

Metal, plastic are non-porous 

44.)When you measure a body, you always measure to the center of the body.

45.)-Consent Searches:  

1. has to be completely voluntarily.  

2. person needs to be present.  

3. Can stop search at any time. 

4. Can get a warrant to continue 

46.)Types of Warrants: 

1. Knock Warrant 

2. No knock warrant 

47.) 

Arrest vs Detention 

Detention: Can be detained for a long time 

Arrest: Probable Cause needed 

48.)-Locard Exchange-two objects collide there is a exchange of evidence 

49.) The advantages of physical evidence over other types of evidence 

include the factor that it is tangible.

50.)Physical evidence can be defined as any tangible object associated with a crime or tort.

In order to be of value, physical evidence must be collected, preserved, and documented properly.

One of the major purposes for the collection of physical evidence is to establish facts in an investigation.

Physical evidence may help determine whether or not a crime occurred.

Physical evidence may link an individual with another person or with a crime scene.

The Locard exchange principle states that a transfer of physical evidence may occur when there is contact between two individuals.

Physical evidence may provide proof to a jury that may assist in the determination of guilt or innocence of an accused.

The linkage triangle illustrates the possible transfer of physical evidence among the suspect, the victim, and the crime scene.

“Class” characteristics are those characteristics shared by a group of objects or persons.

Individualization is the identification of the individual source of an evidence item.

Glass, soil, and fibers have only class characteristics.

The term “known” refers to the known origin of an item.

The term “exemplar” refers to an item prepared from a known source for comparison.

In order for physical evidence to be effective and admissible, the collection of the evidence must meet both legal and scientific requirements.

51.) Q: What type of characteristics do glass, soil, and fibers have?
A: Only class characteristics.

52.)Q: Besides skin secretions, what else may latent prints be composed of?
A: Contaminants such as dirt, grease, or other substances.

53.)Patent impressions and any trace evidence present should be photographed prior to processing.

54.)Q: In a vehicle-to-vehicle hit-and-run case, what paint samples should be collected?
A: Transferred paint and a paint standard.

55.)Q: From which gland is the protein P-30 derived?
A: The prostate gland.

56.)Q: What light sources should an investigator use when searching for semen stains?

A: Ultraviolet (UV) light sources.

57.)Q: What type of evidence may be found on clothing worn by a sexual assault victim after the assault?
A: Transferred evidence from the suspect.