a. Fat stores are broken down for energy.
b. The liver releases glucose into the bloodstream.
c. Glucose is absorbed by cells for energy.
d. The pancreas halts glycogen production.

20. A patient presents with extreme fatigue, low blood pressure, and skin darkening. What is the most likely condition?
a. Hypothyroidism
b. Grave’s disease
c. Addison’s disease
d. Cushing’s syndrome

21. What is the primary cause of endemic or simple goiter in areas where the condition is widespread?
a. Insufficient thyroid hormone during fetal development.
b. Lack of iodine in the diet.
c. Excess secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
d. Overproduction of thyroid hormones.

22. How do the effects of the nervous system compare to those of the endocrine system?
a. Both have effects of the same duration
b. Nervous system effects are shorter-lasting
c. Endocrine effects are less precise than nervous system effects
d. Nervous system signals rely on hormonal feedback

23. A low level of parathyroid hormone is associated with _______________.

a. simple goiter

b. tetany

c. osteoporosis

d. myxedema

24. Which of the following glands releases its products directly onto a surface or into a duct?
a. Pancreas
b. Thyroid gland
c. Salivary glands
d. Pituitary gland

25. Type 1 diabetes _____________________.

a. is the more common type of diabetes.

b. is caused by an immune response that destroys pancreatic islets and impairs insulin production.

c. is associated with being overweight and/or physically inactive.

d. shows an increased risk with age.

26. Which of the following hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

a. Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone

b. Prolactin and follicle-stimulating hormone

c. Luteinizing and thyroid-stimulating hormones

d. Adrenocorticotropic and growth hormones

27. A key feature of endocrine glands is that they ___________.
a. their secretions travel through ducts to their target
b. secrete hormones directly into an organ's lumen
c. release hormones directly into the bloodstream
d. only release hormones to nearby tissues

28. Thyroid hormones are known for affecting multiple body systems. What is their role?
a. They target specific organs for faster metabolic rates.
b. They stimulate nearly all body cells to increase metabolism.
c. They primarily influence the nervous system.
d. They only regulate energy production in muscles.

29. A 42-year-old woman presents with unexplained weight gain, high blood pressure, and a round face. Blood tests show high cortisol levels. Which condition is most consistent with her symptoms?
a. Addison’s disease
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Grave’s disease
d. Hypothyroidism

30. Maria is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following physiological changes is most characteristic of this condition?
a. Excessive glucose absorption by liver cells
b. Overproduction of glucagon by the pancreas
c. Decreased sensitivity of cells to insulin
d. Complete absence of insulin production

Note