Exam 4
1. Proximal convoluted tubule
a. Site at which most tubular reabsorbtion occurs
2. Glomularis
a. Site of filtrate formation
3. Pertibular capillaries
a. Blood supply that directly recieves substances from tubular cells
4. Collecting duct
a. Site that drains the distial convoluted tubule
5. What deos not affect glomular filtration rate control
a. Electrolyte levels
6. Best explanation for microvilli on the PCT
a. Incrase the surface area and allow for greater volume of filtrate components to be reabsorbed
7. Patient breathing slowly and has low blood pH would have
a. Metabolic alkalosis
8. Trigger for the initation of micturition (voiding)
a. Pressure of fluid in the bladder
9. What promotes filtrate formation at glomerularis
a. Glomular hydrostatic pressure
10. Urinary bladder has
a. Transitional epithelium
11. A car accident, chest injury that rsults in impacte breathing and respiratory acidosis, to compensate for the imbalance
a. The kidneys will retain
12. Effect of ADH on collecting duct causes
a. Aquaporins to be inseted into apical membranes
13. Marathon, on a warm day, and dave decides to consume four liters of water, he feels nauseous and starts vomiting,
a. Hyponatremia, low extracellular sodium ion concentration
14. What is the function of the juxtaglomerular apparatis
a. Regulate blood pressure and rate of blood filtration by kidneys
15. Alchol acts as a diaretic because
a. It inhibits the release of ADH
16. Regulation of sodium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid is by which hormone
a. Aldosterone
17. Low blood ph and, breathing rapidly is a sign of
a. Metabolic acidocic
18. Primary control over sodium levels in the body is
a. Aldosterone
19. Doug has sever diarea, lost biocarb ions and is not experiencing metabolic acidiocid to compensate for this
a. Increased respiratory rate and depth of breath
20. Regulation of potassium balance involves aldosterone which
21.
a. Induced secretion of potassium
22. The most important hormone regulator of electrolyte reabsorbtion and secretion is
a. Angiotensin 1 and epinephrine
23. The term hypotonic hydration refers to
a. A condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking excessive amounts of H20
24. Respiratory acidocsic can occur
a. A person breathing is shallow due to an obstruction
25. Protien in urine can indicate
a. Damage to the filtration membrane
26. Strong acid as HCl is added to the carbonic acid buffer
a. More carbonic is formed
27. IF thyroid and pathrathyrpid glands are remoced which of the following would go out of balance due to the kidney filration and failure to reabsorb
a. Calcium ion levels
28. Macula densa cells respond to
a. Changes in sodium content in filtrate
29. Which is not in a chemical buffer system
a. Nitrogen
30. Mechanism of H20 Reabsorbtion by the renal tubules is
a. Osmosis
31. Hormone acting on collecting duct is most responsible for retaining sodium ion in the blood is
a. Aldosterone
32. Experiencing an acute panic attack, while hyperventilating she remembers to open a paper bag and breath into it to prevent
a. Respiratory alkalosis
33. She ate a large salted fry, some pickeld eggs and cheese, how will salt affect her physiology
a. Temporary increase in blood volume
34. Bodies water volume is tied to the level of
a. Sodium
35. ANP hormone that is made in the atria that influences of this hormone is to
a. Reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption
36. Increase In permeability of cells in the collecting duct to water due to
a. Increase in production of ADH
37. Whereas sodium is found mainly in extracellular fluid but
a. Potassium Is found in the intracellular fluid
38. Why does the PCT have so many mitochondria
a. Because active transport takes place in the PCT
39. Distribution of sodium and potassium between cells and body fluids is due to
a. Potassium is high in the cells and Sodium is high in the bodily fluids
40. An atypical accumulation of fluid in the interstitial space
a. Edema
41. Fluid loss, either the loss of water or the loss of water and soutes together
a. Dehydration
42. A disorder entailing deficient aldosterone production by the adrenal cortex
a. Addisons disease
43. Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
a. Aldosterone
44. A condition due to excessive water intake that results in net osmosis into tissue cells, this leads to sever metabolic disruptions
a. Hyponatremia
45. Possibly caused by severe diarrhea or untreated diabetes mellitus
a. Metabolic acidosis
46. Possibly occurring with emphysema, extreme obesity, or narcotic overdoes
a. Respiratory acidosis
47. Possibly caused by asthma, pneumonia or a severe panic attack
a. Respiratory alkalosis
48. Possibly caused by vomiting, use of diuretics, or use of antiacids
a. Metabolic acidosis
49. Correct sequence from formation of a drop of urine to its elimination from the body
a. Nephron, collecting ducts, minor calyx, major calyx, ureter, urethra