Organ Systems and Their Functions

Respiratory System

  • Lungs

    • Responsible for gas exchange during breathing.
    • Absorb oxygen into the blood and expel carbon dioxide.

  • Larynx

    • Also known as the voice box.
    • Located at the top of the trachea.
    • Responsible for sound production.
    • Protects the trachea against food aspiration.

  • Trachea

    • Known as the windpipe.
    • Connects the larynx to the bronchi of the lungs.
    • Allows the passage of air.

Cardiovascular System

  • Heart

    • Pumps blood throughout the body.
    • Supplies oxygen and nutrients to cells.
    • Removes carbon dioxide and other waste products from the body.

  • Rib

    • Protects vital organs within the thoracic cavity (heart and lungs).
    • Provides structural support for the upper body.

Muscular and Diaphragm

  • Diaphragm
    • Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
    • Contracts to help draw air into the lungs during inhalation.

Digestive System

  • Liver

    • Processes nutrients from the digestive system.
    • Detoxifies chemicals and metabolizes drugs.
    • Produces bile for digestion.

  • Stomach

    • Breaks down food with stomach acids and enzymes.
    • Starts the digestion of proteins.

  • Pancreas

    • Produces digestive enzymes to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in the small intestine.
    • Secretes insulin for blood sugar regulation.

  • Small Intestine

    • Primary site for digestion and nutrient absorption.
    • Breaks down food using enzymes from the pancreas and bile from the liver.

  • Colon (Large Intestine)

    • Absorbs water and electrolytes from indigestible food matter.
    • Forms solid waste (feces) for excretion.

  • Gall Bladder

    • Stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver.
    • Releases bile into the small intestine to aid in fat digestion.

Circulatory System in Fetus

  • Umbilical Arteries

    • Carry deoxygenated blood from the fetus to the placenta.

  • Umbilical Vein

    • Carries oxygenated, nutrient-rich blood from the placenta to the fetus.

  • Spleen

    • Filters blood and recycles red blood cells.
    • Helps fight infections by storing white blood cells and platelets.