Water ( p. 5 of Packet)

Water is a resource that is important for Earth’s survival.

All the water that exists on earth, such as salt water, fresh water, contained in aquifers (underground source of water) or ice caps [an ice body that spreads out to cover a lot of land] is part of a Water System.

Since all the water on Earth is a fixed amount, its supply is always the same as before. Water is always recycled on Earth. It is important that people don’t waste water or pollute it to keep the water supply safe.

Every cell, tissue, and organ in the human body contains water. Water helps regulate temperature and support important organ systems. Our body loses water when we sweat, when we breathe (respiration), and when we digest food. Water also protects our joints , bodily tissues , and helps our kidney to take out waste

Water is needed to stay hydrated, grow fruits & vegetables, extinguishing fires, & for entertainment such as playing sports or swimming.

Solids, liquids, gaseous/vapor  (p. 14-15 of Packet)

Water exists in 3 states of matter (Solid, Liquid, Gas). The state of water relies on heat.

In 0°C weather [The Freezing Point], water will be ice (frozen state). The reason that all of frozen water on earth is fresh water is because salt does not freeze, thus being left behind and making the water drinkable. ¾ of water on Earth is ice.

Liquid water (basically, standard/normal water) is found underground and also on the surface ground. Surface water includes Lakes, Rivers, & Ponds. Precipitation (rain,snow,hail etc.) replenishes this supply of water.

A lot of water is stored underground as water travels down with soil and rock. Sources of underground freshwater are called Aquifers.

Water Scarcity  (p. 24 of Packet)

Desalination is the process of removing salt from ocean water. Due to Water Scarcity, some countries had to pay for the Desalination process, and about 1.1 billion people worldwide do not have access to water.

There is more demand for accessible and clean water to drink. It has increased use of aquifer supplies and Earth’s water reservoir.

Half the world’s wetlands (lands that consist of swamps or marshes) have been damaged because of the lack of water. Wetlands are a natural filter for water & they provide habitats for many organisms. Wetlands are also useful to regions that are commonly flooded. Rice is grown in wetlands.

Water scarcity is something that destroys plant and animal habitats around the world. Large freshwater lakes have declined in size. Some water cannot be safely consumed anymore because of the contamination.

Fresh water, salt water, salinity (p. 280 of Science Text)

Large bodies of water include lakes, oceans, and seas. Heat capacity is the ability to absorb heat. Large bodies change the temperature of nearby land (Moderation). Water takes longer to heat up (absorb) than air or land. Large bodies of water provide lots of moisture to the air, and in the winter this moisture eventually turns into snow.

*Also see definition for Salinity on (page 37 of Packet -only)

Salinity is the measure, or the amount of salt in water.

Water Sustainability ( p. 42 of Packet)

There are diverse practices of the First Nations, Metis, and Inuit practices and POV’s that contribute to the protection of water. The first protected area is named Edehzhie, it protects an area of spiritual and ecological importance to the Indigenous POV.

Explain why water is important.

Changing States of Water: ( p. 8-9 of packet); (p. 280-284 of Science Text)

Water is important because it is necessary for the Earth’s survival. It supports the human body. Water is present in cells, tissues, and organs. All life on Earth needs water to survive.

Water changes states depending on the heat around it. For example, water turns into ice in the temperature of 0*C. Water turns into liquid in room temperature. Water becomes vapor at the boiling point of 100*C, being produced from boiling water. Vapor can also come from sublimation, being produced from ice.

Water and Climate:  (p. 19 of Packet)

-Know the percentage of Freshwater vs. Salt water on Earth. 

-Heat Capacity (p. 291-292 of Science Text)

-Moderation (p. 291-292 of Science Text)

-Microclimate -p. 293-294 of Science Text)

Coastal Storms - p. 291-292 of Science Text)

Salt water is the 97% of water on the Earth, while Freshwater is the 3% of water on Earth.

Heat Capacity is the ability to absorb heat. Moderation is to change, for example how water changes the temperature of the surrounding land. A micro-climate is a small area of a larger region that will experience different climate than the region around it. Inside a green house, can be a microclimate that is much warmer and moister than the outside climate is.

Regions will experience Coastal Storms based on the large bodies of water around them. An example is Hurricane Katrina, which happened because air moves across large water bodies and picks up moisture & heat.

Key Vocabularies/Meaning: 

Evaporation - Is when liquid becomes a gas. In the Water Cycle, evaporation turns bodies of water such as lakes & rivers into water vapor.

Condensation - Is when a gas becomes liquid. In the Water Cycle, clouds made from water vapor cannot hold any more water and then it starts to precipitate, which is the gas-to-liquid change.

Precipitation - Is the waterfall from clouds. This includes rain, snow, sleet, hail. It falls back into the soil.

Water Cycle - The water cycle is the process where water goes from Earth’s oceans, to the atmosphere, and to the land. It is a process where water goes from it’s 3 states. The water cycle is powered by the Sun’s energy.

Ground Water - Water inside under the ground within soil and rock.

Desalination - The process of removing salt from water.

Watershed - An area of land where all the water eventually collects into a lake or a river.