History	§ What aged pigs affected? - <48h = clostridium type C, 1d-weaning = clostridium type A § How many pigs affected? § Still eating/drinking? § Any recent changes in diet/management? – weaning = trigger for salmonella § Other clinical signs? § Do they seem systemically unwell? § Appearance of D+? o Watery? o Colour? – yellow = watery scour, green/brown = sloppy looseness, yellow/green = coccidiosis, pasty = clostridium type A o Bloody? – swine dysentery, clostridium type C o Mucous? – swine dysentery o Smell? – sickly/sweet smell = watery scour § Any weight loss or poor growth? – Brachyspira, Lawsonia, swine dysentery § Any deaths? – rotavirus, clostridia § Colostrum management? § Any treatment given? § Vaccination protocol?
Investigations	Full clinical exam: § Assess hydration status (MMs, CRT) – dehydrated = coccidiosis § TPR § Look at back end Further investigations § Identify toxin and therefore bacteria strain with ELISA – clostridia § Culture or histopathology – swine dysentery § PM examination – bowel oedema = E. coli o Sample: affected areas and gross pathology, if suspect PCV-2 sample mesenteric LN § Rectal swab – E. coli, Salmonella (culture), Lawsonia (PCR), Brachyspira (PCR + culture) § Faecal swab – E. coli, Salmonella (culture), Clostridia, coccidiosis (microscopy), Lawsonia (PCR), rotavirus, Brachyspira (PCR + culture)
Treatment	§ Supportive treatment § Aminoglycosides (paramomycin) - E. coli or Salmonella § Tylosin or Linomycin – Lawsonia, Brachyspira
Prevention	§ E. coli – sow vaccination to prevent pre-weaning disease, piglet vaccination to prevent post-weaning disease § Clostridium – vaccination for type C § Salmonella – reduce stress, vaccination (sows before parturition, piglets in first few days and again at weaning) Control pre-weaning: § Sow vaccination § Controlled exposure pre-farrowing (collect faecal material from farrowing crates and put in pre-farrowing pens) – good for rotavirus but makes clostridia worse § Ensure good hygiene in pens § Check colostrum management Control post-weaning: § E. coli and Salmonella: oral vaccines, water/feed acidification, pro/prebiotics, correct crude protein level § Lawsonia and Brachyspira: diet formulation, pro/prebiotics, vaccinate (Lawsonia), Zn chelate (Brachyspira) § Ensure good feed quality, and not overfeeding
Causes:	Pre-weaned (pathogen damages gut wall ® scour) § Rotavirus § Clostridium perfringens § Coccidiosis – yellow/green, § E. coli § PCV-2 § PRRS Nursery piglets and finisher pigs: § Salmonella – ZOONOTIC § Ileitis § Brachysprira piliscicoli, § Swine dysentery (Brachyspira hyodysenteriae) – bloody + mucoid o Transmission: direct contact with contaminated faeces, moving with pigs, vehicles, staff o Affects growing and finisher pigs § Lawsonia § PCV-2 § PRRS

GI dz pigs

Gastrointestinal disease:

Approach to scour

Constipation