AP Gov Key Terms Chapter 8

  • civil liberties: Protections from government power.

  • civil rights: Protections from discriminatory treatment.

  • Bill of Rights: First 10 constitutional amendments.

  • due process clause: Requirement for fair legal treatment.

  • selective incorporation: 14^{th} Amendment state application.

  • establishment clause: No government-established religion.

  • free exercise clause: Practice religion freely.

  • freedom of expression: Right to speak and publish.

  • clear and present danger test: Standard for limiting speech.

  • prior restraint: Government censorship before publication.

  • symbolic speech: Nonverbal expression of ideas.

  • libel: Published false defamatory statements.

  • slander: Spoken false defamatory statements.

  • obscenity and pornography: Unprotected sexually explicit content.

  • ex post facto laws: Punishing past legal acts.

  • bill of attainder: Legislative act punishing person.

  • writ of habeas corpus: Court order explaining detention.

  • procedural due process: Legal steps for fairness.

  • warrant: Authorization for searches and seizures.

  • probable cause: Reasonable grounds for search.

  • exclusionary rule: Barring illegally obtained evidence.

  • grand jury: Decides if prosecution proceeds.

  • double jeopardy: Multiple trials same crime.

  • Miranda rights: Mandatory warnings for accused.

  • bail: Collateral for temporary release.