AP Gov Key Terms Chapter 8

Test 2/5

civil liberties

Protections from government power.

civil rights

Protections from discrimination

Bill of Rights

First 10 constitutional amendments.

due process clause

Requirement for fair legal treatment.

selective incorporation

14th Amendment state application.

establishment clause

No government-established religion.

free exercise clause

Practice religion freely.

freedom of expression

Right to speak and publish.

clear and present danger test

Standard for limiting speech.

prior restraint

Government censorship before publication.

symbolic speech

Nonverbal expression of ideas.

libel

Published false defamatory statements.

slander

Spoken false defamatory statements.

obscenity and pornography

Unprotected sexually explicit content.

ex post facto laws

Punishing past legal acts.

bill of attainder

Legislative act punishing person.

writ of habeas corpus

Court order explaining detention.

procedural due process

Legal steps for fairness.

warrant

Authorization for searches and seizures.

probable cause

Reasonable grounds for search.

exclusionary rule

Barring illegally obtained evidence.

grand jury

Decides if prosecution proceeds.

double jeopardy

Multiple trials same crime.

Miranda rights

Mandatory warnings for accused.

bail

Collateral for temporary release.