Gen bio scrib.docx

4 Categories of biomolecules: Lipids, Proteins, Carbohydrates

• Which biological molecules is the primary source of energy for living organisms?

Carbohydrates

• Which biological molecules is composed of amino acids and plays a crucial role in the growth and repair of tissues?

-Proteins

• What is the main function of lipids in living organisms?

-Energy storage and insulation

• The genetic information in living organisms is primarily stored in which biological molecule?

-Nucleic acids

• Which biological molecule is composed of monosaccharides and serves as a quick source of energy?

Carbohydrates

• Which of the following statements about enzymes is true?

Enzymes lower the activation energy of chemical reactions.

• The process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller units is known as:

Catabolism

• Which of the following best describes oxidation in biological systems?

Loss of electrons

• Redox reactions involve the transfer of:

Electrons

• Which component of enzymes is responsible for binding to specific substrates?

Active site

• What effect does a very high temperature generally have on enzyme activity?

It increases the activity

• Enzyme activity is influenced by which of the following factors?

pH, temperature, and substrate concentration

• A change in which of the following factors is most likely to alter enzyme activity?

The concentration of the substrate

• At which pH level are most enzymes in the human body optimally functional?

pH 7 (neutral)

• Which of the following factors can denature an enzyme?

High temperature

• Lactose is composed of:

Glucose + Galactose

• Glucose + Fructose =

Sucrose

• Which of the following contains lipid?

Olive oil

• Which of the following is not a major source of protein?

Vegetable

• Which of the following is a correct pair?

starch: polysaccharide

• Which of the following elements is NOT present in carbohydrates?

Nitrogen

• When digesting a complex carbohydrate, water is added and simple sugar is obtained through which process?

Hydrolysis

• Which of the following biomolecules contains only the elements carbon, hydrogen and oxygen?

Carbohydrates and lipids

• What kind of molecule is represented by the structure below?

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH=CHCH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2COOH

unsaturated fatty acid

• What is the cell type in plants that provides structural support and is responsible for transporting water and nutrients?

Sieve Tube Element (Plant)

• Which plant cell type is responsible for providing structural support to the plant and is composed of elongated cells with thick walls?

Xylem Vessel Element

• What is the name of the plant cell type responsible for transporting water and dissolved minerals from the roots to other parts of the plant?

Xylem Vessel Element

• Which cell type is responsible for transmitting electrical signals and facilitating communication in the nervous system?

Neuron

• What is the name of the cell type in animals responsible for producing antibodies and fighting off infections?

Lymphocyte