Untitled Flashcards Set

Medical Terms & Abbreviations

Q: Aspiration
A: Inhaling vomit, food, or saliva into the lungs

Q: NPO
A: Nothing by mouth

Q: Hematuria
A: Presence of blood in a person's urine

Q: PRN
A: As needed ('pro re nata,’ means the admin of meds is not scheduled)

Q: Dysphagia
A: Difficulty swallowing

Q: Apnea
A: Absence of respirations or breathing

Q: C-diff (Clostridioides difficile)
A: Bacterium that causes severe diarrhea and colitis

Q: QD
A: Every day

Q: QHS
A: Every night at bedtime

Q: Q4h
A: Every 4 hours

Q: BID
A: Two times a day

Q: TID
A: Three times a day

Q: QID
A: Four times a day

Q: Contractures
A: A physical shortening of the joint ligaments

Q: Bradycardia
A: Low heart rate (< 60 beats per minute)

Q: Tachycardia
A: High heart rate (> 100 beats per minute)

Q: Syncope
A: Fainting; sudden, temporary loss of consciousness due to decreased oxygen

Q: Diaphoresis
A: Excessive sweating

Q: Supine
A: Lying face upward

Q: Lateral
A: Lying on one side

Q: Fowler's Position
A: Sitting position (45-60 degrees)

Q: Prone
A: Lying on the abdomen

Q: Sims
A: Left side-lying position

Q: MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
A: Antibiotic-resistant staph infection

Q: VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococci)
A: Bacterial strain resistant to vancomycin

Precautions & Infection Control

Q: Standard Precaution
A: Infection control practices to prevent transmission of diseases via blood/body fluids

Q: Contact Precaution
A: Prevents spread of infectious agents via direct or indirect contact

Q: Droplet Precaution
A: Prevents spread of respiratory pathogens via large droplets from coughing, sneezing, or talking

Q: Airborne Precaution
A: Protects against airborne transmission of infectious agents

Additional Medical Terms

Q: DVT (Deep vein thrombosis)
A: Blood clot in a deep vein, usually in the legs

Q: ADL (Activities of daily living)
A: Basic self-care tasks like bathing, dressing, and eating

Q: PROM (Passive range of motion)
A: Movement of joints by an external force (e.g., caregiver assisting patient)

Pressure Ulcers Stages

Q: Stage 1 Pressure Ulcer
A: Intact skin with redness

Q: Stage 2 Pressure Ulcer
A: Partial thickness skin loss; blister or shallow ulcer; epidermis and dermis exposed

Q: Stage 3 Pressure Ulcer
A: Full thickness tissue loss; subcutaneous fat may be exposed

Q: Stage 4 Pressure Ulcer
A: Full thickness tissue loss with muscle, tendon, and bone exposure

These should help reinforce key concepts for your exam. Let me know if you need any modifications!

You said:

Can on the chapters 4,7,9,11,15,17

ChatGPT said:

Here are flashcards based on Chapters 4, 7, 9, 11, 15, and 17 from CNA: Nursing Assistant Certification (CA Edition) by Carrie L. Jarosinski.

Chapter 4: Communication and Cultural Diversity

Q: What are the three key elements of effective communication?
A: Sender, message, receiver

Q: Why is active listening important in healthcare?
A: It ensures understanding, builds trust, and improves patient care.

Q: What is subjective vs. objective information?
A: Subjective: Based on what the patient reports (e.g., "I feel dizzy").
Objective: Observed/measurable data (e.g., vital signs).

Q: What are some barriers to communication?
A: Language differences, hearing impairments, cognitive disorders, cultural differences

Q: Why is cultural competency important in nursing care?
A: It helps provide respectful and effective care by understanding a patient’s cultural background.

Chapter 7: Safety and Body Mechanics

Q: What is the purpose of body mechanics?
A: To prevent injury by using proper posture and techniques when lifting or moving patients.

Q: What is the safest way to lift an object?
A: Bend at the knees, keep the back straight, and lift using the legs.

Q: Why should a patient be repositioned every two hours?
A: To prevent pressure ulcers and improve circulation.

Q: What is the correct way to assist a patient with a fall?
A: Guide them to the floor while protecting their head and call for help.

Q: What does RACE stand for in fire safety?
A: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish

Chapter 9: Admission, Transfer, and Discharge

Q: What are the CNA’s responsibilities during patient admission?
A: Assist with paperwork, take vital signs, show the patient their room, and ensure comfort.

Q: Why is proper documentation important during transfers?
A: To ensure continuity of care and prevent medical errors.

Q: What should a CNA do when discharging a patient?
A: Gather belongings, ensure patient understanding of discharge instructions, and assist as needed.

Q: How should a CNA support a patient’s emotional well-being during admission?
A: Be welcoming, answer questions, and provide reassurance.

Chapter 11: Positioning, Transfers, and Ambulation

Q: What is the Fowler's position used for?
A: It helps with breathing and digestion; often used for patients with respiratory issues.

Q: What is the best way to prevent contractures in bedbound patients?
A: Perform range of motion (ROM) exercises regularly.

Q: What is a gait belt used for?
A: To assist patients in standing, walking, or transferring safely.

Q: When using a mechanical lift, what should a CNA ensure first?
A: That the patient is secure and the lift is in proper working condition.

Q: Which side should a CNA stand on when assisting a patient with weakness?
A: The weaker side for support.

Chapter 15: Nutrition and Hydration

Q: What is NPO and when is it used?
A: Nothing by mouth; used before surgery or certain procedures.

Q: What are signs of dehydration?
A: Dry mouth, dark urine, dizziness, confusion, sunken eyes

Q: What is a clear liquid diet?
A: A diet including broth, clear juices, and gelatin—often used post-surgery.

Q: Why is thickened liquid used for dysphagia patients?
A: It reduces the risk of aspiration.

Q: What are the six essential nutrients?
A: Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water

Chapter 17: Bowel Elimination

Q: What is constipation?
A: Difficulty passing stool due to hard, dry bowel movements.

Q: What can help prevent constipation?
A: High-fiber diet, adequate fluid intake, regular exercise.

Q: What is C-diff?
A: A bacterial infection causing severe diarrhea and colitis.

Q: How should a CNA assist with bowel training?
A: Encourage a routine schedule, adequate hydration, and fiber intake.

Q: What is the proper way to collect a stool sample?
A: Use a sterile container and avoid contamination with urine.