Untitled Flashcards Set

Western nations wanted to gain colonies in the late 1800s to improve their own

economies

religions

governments

armies

Which of the following statements shows how imperialist nations justified racism toward nations they wanted to control?

Western nations improved the lives of the non-Western nations.

Non-Western nations followed different religions than those of the Western nations.

Western nations would increase their advantage over other nations.

Non-Western nations had weaker economies than the Western nations did.

In Burma, the British

caused the collapse of the Burmese monarchy.

allowed the local king to rule on their behalf.

agreed with France to let Burma remain independent as a buffer.

made King Mongkut the emperor.

Who was Great Britain's rival in taking over nations in Southeast Asia?

France

China

The US

India

France's motives for invading Vietnam included

competing with Britain.

winning Burma.

gaining access to Thailand (Siam).

saving the Vietnamese.

The Spanish-American War resulted in

a new territory for the United States.

a humiliating defeat for the United States.

the loss of China's trade.

war with Thailand (Siam).

What was direct rule of colonies?

replacing local rulers with officials from the foreign conqueror

governing a conquest by working with existing political elites

resisting the foreign country's rule

taxing the peasants of the conquered nation

Colonial powers profited from their colonies by instituting

plantation agriculture owned by the foreign power.

regular wage increases for workers to keep them motivated.

peasant-owned small farms.

a balance of import and export to keep the economy healthy.

Why did early attempts at resistance to Western control in Southeast Asia fail?

The Western nations overpowered those who protested.

The conquered nations were not really angry.

The Western nations had treated their new colonies fairly.

Most of the conquered nations were satisfied.

Why were later attempts at resistance by the conquered nations focused on the idea of national independence?

More of their citizens had been educated in Western ideas.

Their local religious and economic freedoms were more important.

The foreign conquerors kept the idea of freedom away from them.

The idea of independence was not in their experience.

What did Western nations hope to gain by establishing new colonies after 1880?

raw materials for their industries and markets to sell their products

more people to add to their population figures

additional ideas for their own industries

languages and cultures to add to their own

France was motivated to take over Vietnam by its economic ambitions as well as by

rivalry with Britain.

a sincere desire to help Vietnam

desire for Laos.

a fear of Siam.

Why did the United States fight so hard to defeat the Philippine guerrilla forces?

to gain a connection to the markets of China

to show Spain that the United States was in control

to defeat the Japanese

to protect Americans in the Philippines

Citizens of the colonies probably preferred indirect rule over direct rule because

there would be fewer changes to their way of life.

the government would be more efficient.

their taxes would be lower.

foreigners would not be living in their country

the extension of a nation’s power over other lands

imperialism

racism

protectorate

industrialization

the belief that race determines a person’s traits and capabilities

racism

industrialization

direct rule

imperialism

colonial government in which local rulers are allowed to maintain their positions of authority and status

indirect rule

direct rule

racism

imperialism

colonial government in which local elites are removed from power and replaced by a new set of officials brought from the colonizing country

direct rule

indirect rule

imperialism

industrialization

Which class played a key role in resisting colonial rule in Southeast Asia?

urban middle-class

working class

elite ruling class

peasant farmers

Some European nations were interested in West Africa because of its

raw materials.

cheap labor.

rivers for transportation.

protectorates.

By 1900, West Africa was mostly controlled by

France

Germany

Nigeria

England

What significance would the Suez Canal ultimately have for the British?

connect them to a sea route to India

take them to the Mediterranean

connect the Mediterranean and the Red Seas

take them to Egypt

An Egyptian army revolted when Britain bought its share in the Suez Canal because the army wanted to

remove a foreign influence.

make money for its soldiers and officers.

take over Egypt's neighbors in Sudan.

help protect Egypt's neighbors.

David Livingstone explored Central Africa because he wanted to

spread Christianity.

gain power.

colonize the nations of Central Africa.

make money by selling the local resources.

King Leopold II of Belgium rushed enthusiastically into the pursuit of an empire in Africa, which caused

competition from other European countries.

his own country to disown him for his tactics.

rebellions by many of the tribal kingdoms.

jealousy from Great Britain.

Why did German chancellor Otto von Bismarck call for the Berlin conference?

to make rules for taking over land in Africa

to stop European nations from trying to colonize Africa

to encourage other nations to join the "scramble for Africa"

to plan how to divide Africa among European nations

The Boers in South Africa were

descendants of early Dutch settlers from the 1600s.

indigenous residents of South Africa.

the first British settlers in South Africa.

relatives of people of the Zulu empire.

Why was the Boer War fought?

The British wanted to control South Africa.

The Boers wanted to take over Cecil Rhodes's gold and diamond mines.

Boer farmers wanted to return to their Dutch homeland.

The British Empire wanted the indigenous Africans to govern South Africa.

Who led the initial fight for nationalism in African nations?

Africans educated in Western ways

educated people from Western nations

Africans with traditional customs and learning

settlers in Africa from Western nations

What is one important reason that European nations met at the Berlin Conference?

European countries wanted to settle conflicting claims for lands in East Africa.

East Africa had the most natural resources of all of Africa.

Otto von Bismarck wanted to be the leader of the European nations.

The African countries wanted to be colonized by the European nations.

To appease the Boers after the Boer War, the British agreed that

only whites and propertied Africans would vote.

Cecil Rhodes would remain head of the Cape Colony.

Boer women and children would not be held in detention camps.

there would be no further colonization of the African continent.

What happened as a result of the large Boer farming settlements in South Africa?

war with Britain in which Britain won the territory

Boer farmers’ takeover of Rhodes’s diamond and gold mines

Zulus’ defeat by the British

Europeans’ loss of all holdings in South Africa

Which statement best describes what life was like for Africans under European rule?

Africans saw little benefit from their hard work.

New farming methods improved crop yields.

Life improved through education and skills training.

Africans were forced to move to cities to prevent a revolt.

One reason the Great Rebellion did not succeed was that

Hindus and Muslims could not work together.

the rifles and ammunition were contaminated.

sepoys refused to massacre women and children.

Indian troops refused to fight against the British.

What was the immediate goal of the Indian National Congress?

a share in the governing process of India

violent overthrow of British rule

independence for India and Pakistan

a revolution embraced by both Hindus and Muslims

Under the reign of Porfirio Díaz,

A few wealthy families owned most of the land.

land reforms were instituted in rural areas.

Mexico rejected all foreign investments.

Francisco Madero was forced into exile.

As a result of the prosperity that came from increased exports, Latin America

saw a growth in the middle sectors of society.

did not need to industrialize its economy.

built bigger armies and engaged in civil wars.

became a target of aggressive Japanese traders.

The British imprisoned sepoy guards because they

refused to load their guns with cartridges rumored to be greased with cow and pig fat.

refused to wear battle dress in parades.

were unable to learn English military commands.

couldn't speak English well enough.

What was the impact of British rule on the Indian economy?

British manufactured goods destroyed local industries.

More types of goods were available for Indians to buy.

The majority of Indians reaped financial benefits.

There was in increase in the number of retail jobs for Indians.

Why was the new Indian school system a problem for Indians?

It failed to educate 90 percent of the population.

It was taught only in English.

It educated only the British elite.

It taught only military science.

Who was a key leader of Indian independence?

Mohandas Gandhi

Queen Victoria

Bande Mataram

Lord Macaulay

When Indian farmers switched to growing cotton, they

didn't grow enough food to feed the population.

depleted the soil of necessary minerals.

competed with British cotton production.

glutted the market and couldn't find customers.

In the early 1900s, U.S. military forces were sent to Latin American countries to

protect U.S. interests.

establish democracy.

capture Pancho Villa.

prevent a civil war

The United States used dollar diplomacy to

expand its economic influence in Latin America.

increase the value of the dollar.

improve diplomatic relations in Mexico

help pay for the Panama Canal.

The Roosevelt Corollary allowed the United States to intervene in Latin American countries that

were guilty of chronic misconduct.

would not export goods to the United States.

showed allegiance to European nations.

did not pursue land reform.

In the early 1900s, what brought prosperity to Latin America?

industrialization and exportation of goods

construction of the Panama Canal

development of effective farming methods

the importation of goods from the United States and Europe

The United States built the Panama Canal after

helping Panama gain its independence from Colombia.

defeating Panama in a war.

importing sugar from Panama.

establishing a dictator in Panama.

What role did Emiliano Zapata play in the Mexican Revolution?

He led the call for agrarian reform.

He overthrew dictator Porfirio Diaz.

His led armed bandits against the military.

He summoned support from the United States.

Which of the following was an external factor that contributed to the decline of the Qing dynasty?

sale of opium in China

superior British technology

growth of opium in China

rapid growth of population in China

In the civil war known as the Tai Ping Rebellion, the rebels were

peasants

British

the Qing ruling class

the Chinese middle class

What did the Chinese government try to do using a policy called "self-strengthening"?

keep both Western technology and ancient Chinese values.

keep Western technology and give up Chinese values

modify ancient Chinese values

The purpose of spheres of influence was for Western nations and Japan to

gain exclusive trading rights in China.

win in a war with China.

share equally in trading with China.

avoid paying any tariffs to China.

Why did China go to war against Japan?

to keep control of inroads into Korea

to keep Germany out of China

to win control of Taiwan

to take over control of Japan

Who proposed the Open-Door Policy?

the United States

Germany, France, and Italy

Britain

China

What was the purpose of the Open Door Policy?

give interested countries equal access to trading with China.

give China the right to exclude any country from its shores.

let any country take over trade with China and exclude the others.

allow dominant Western nations to fight over the right to trade with China.

Why did the Boxers attack foreigners?

The foreigners seemed like a threat to Chinese traditions.

The Boxers attacked everyone who stood in their way.

The foreigners attacked the Boxers first.

Foreign powers tried to convince the Chinese government to disband the Boxers.

Why did the Boxer Rebellion weaken the Chinese government?

The Chinese government had to pay for the damages caused by the Boxers.

The foreigners who were attacked by the Boxers stopped trading with China.

No Western government wanted to trade with China with the Boxers in power.

Other nations would not take China seriously after the Boxer Rebellion.

Why did Japan decide to pursue imperialist policies?

Being an island nation, Japan lacked the space and resources to grow.

Surrounding nations were threatening to invade Japan.

Japanese leaders wanted to export the nation's natural resources.

Japan was searching abroad for new political models to adopt.

Like the French realists in the West, Japanese authors

objectively presented social conditions and the realities of war.

satirized the elite class in a mocking tone.

focused on man's relationship with nature.

imitated the ancient classical literary forms.

As a result of Japan’s victory over China in the 1890s,

China ceded Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula to Japan.

Korea was partitioned between China and Japan.

Japan gained control of the Shandong Peninsula.

Russia forged a military alliance with Japan.

In the Treaty of Kanagawa, Japan agreed to

open two ports to Western trade.

restore the emperor’s power.

make peace with samurai warriors.

end diplomatic relations with the West.

Under the reign of Emperor Mutsuhito, Japan

underwent a political transformation known as the Meiji Restoration.

imprisoned Sat-Cho leaders and restored the daimyo to power.

relied heavily on foreign money to support its economy.

went through a period of violent political upheaval.

General Yuan Shigai touched off an era of civil war in China when he tried to

set up a new imperial dynasty.

restore Sun Yat-sen to power.

implement land reforms.

bring modern technology to China.

The Qing reforms after the Boxer Rebellion were unsuccessful because

Empress Ci Xi refused to give up any real power.

Christian missionaries were brutally slaughtered.

a new Western-style education system was adopted.

new legislative assemblies passed harsh laws.

The United States proposed the Open Door policy toward China to

have equal trading rights with European countries.

gain an advantage in Britain’s sphere of influence.

promote a free exchange of ideas with China.

keep the Qing dynasty from collapsing.

Which of the following did the Meiji education system include?

universal education

instruction in "the three obediences"

Japanese-only teaching staff

a military college

The Meiji reformers created a new imperial army in 1871, based on

compulsory military service.

the old feudal structure.

the U.S. Marine Corps.

the hiring of mercenaries.

Serbia angered Austria-Hungary when it

tried to form an independent state.

developed imperialist ambitions.

mobilized troops along Austria’s border.

promised to support Germany’s interests.

Why were tensions heightened among countries in Europe after 1900?

Nations began mobilizing for war.

Socialists had seized power.

Some nations refused to trade with each other.

People were joining the Black Hand.

Which nations were the first to get involved in the initial conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

Germany and Russia

France and Belgium

United States and Britain

Italy and Bulgaria

As the war progressed, both the Allied Powers and the Central Powers sought new allies in order to

get more money and supplies.

expand their colonial empires.

open new avenues for commerce.

pave the way for peace negotiations.

Civil war broke out in Russia after World War I because

many people opposed the Bolshevik government.

Lenin acquired too much territory in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

the Bolsheviks did not fulfill their promises.

foreign troops remained on Russian soil.

Initially, the war effort on the Western Front was characterized by

trench warfare that kept both sides in the same positions for four years

decisive victories by the French army and swift retreat of German forces

innovative strategies that used new technologies available to both armies.

slow but steady advancement of the German army on the ground.

Negotiations at the Paris Peace Conference were complicated by

territorial disputes among the Big Three

Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points

Germany's refusal to pay for the war

Russia's refusal to attend the talks

Which nations were the first to get involved in the initial conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary?

Germany and Russia

France and Belgium

Italy and Bulgaria

United States and Britain

Why was the United States not a member of the League of Nations?

The United States refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles.

Other powerful nations did not want the competition.

The organization was open only to European nations.

League members would not use force against aggression.

To gain Arab support against the Ottoman Turks during the war, the Allies had promised to

recognize independent Arab states.

destroy the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

keep Russia out of Egypt.

buy Arabian oil.

Which territories did Britain govern as mandates?

Iraq and Palestine

Turkey and Italy

Poland and Estonia

Syria and Lebanon

The Treaty of Versailles declared that Germany had to

make reparations to cover war costs of the Allies.

give ups its army, navy, and air force.

agree to a new state to serve as a buffer between France and Germany.

agree to the independence of Arab nations.

Shortly after it was formed, who did the new German Social Democratic government face challenges from?

the German Communist Party

the regular army

the Kingdom of the Serbs

Emperor William II

What was one major cause of the Russian Revolution in 1917?

the czar's decisions about the war and the economy

Rasputin's allegiance to the czar and his family

Trotsky's management of the soviets

the aristocrats' attitude toward the peasants

The Bolsheviks worked to gain control of

the soviets.

the czar.

Trotsky.

Lenin.

Because of Rasputin's influence on the czar and the court, Russian aristocrats

assassinated Rasputin.

formed a provisional government.

brought Lenin to power.

asked Nicholas II to abdicate.

Why did Lenin sign the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany?

Lenin had promised that Russia would pull out of the war.

The Bolsheviks forced him to sign the treaty.

Russia defeated Germany in World War I.

Russia lost World War I to Germany.

Why did the Allies have troops stationed in Russia?

They wanted to bring Russia back into the war.

Lenin asked for their help in the civil war.

They had no place else to go.

They wanted to take over part of Russia.

Trench warfare consisted of

soldiers fighting the enemy from ditches.

soldiers running from one ditch to the next.

troops digging ditches in which to kill their enemies.

generals ordering their soldiers to create trenches.

The United States entered the war largely over the issue of

unrestricted submarine warfare.

German use of zeppelins.

trench warfare.

Serbian independence.

What happened to the war on the Western Front as a result of trench warfare?

The Western Front became a stalemate.

The Schlieffen Plan succeeded on the Western Front.

The German side dug in, but not the Russian side.

The French defeated Germany.

The war became a total war in which wartime governments

unrestricted submarine warfare.

German use of zeppelins.

trench warfare.

Serbian independence.

What effect did the World War I have on women's jobs?

Women filled many jobs that men had held.

More jobs were created just for women.

Fewer women worked outside the home.

Women joined the military and lost their jobs.

How did nationalism affect Europe's great powers?

It caused competition among them.

It helped them cooperate with each other.

It made them weaker.

It destroyed them.

In the 1920s, the arts and sciences both exhibited a sense of

uncertainty about the future.

decline.

optimism.

self-confidence.

What is a totalitarian state?

a state in which the government controls every aspect of public and private life

a state in which the people have a direct say in their government

a state in which the people elect representatives to the legislature

a state in which the working class is glorified and has the greatest voice in government

The French New Deal gave workers the right to

use collective bargaining.

enjoy religious freedom.

negotiate vacation time.

own property.

Why were U.S. bank loans to Germany vital to the European economy after World War I?

Germany used the loans to pay reparations to Britain and France.

European leaders needed funds to set up stock markets in their countries.

Businesses relied heavily on the Creditanstalt Bank in Vienna.

Other nations were borrowing money from Germany to rebuild.

In explaining the causes of the Great Depression, economist John Maynard Keynes noted that

unemployment was due to declining demand, not overproduction.

governments should not interfere in economic affairs.

stock market gyrations caused investors to panic.

capitalism must be reformed to save it.

Under Mussolini, the Italian Fascists used propaganda to

control public opinion

educate people.

enforce government policies

advertise platforms of all political parties

The purpose of Stalin’s Five-Year Plans was to

transform the USSR from an agricultural economy into an industrial economy.

strengthen the Red Army so it could reclaim lost territories

end famine by dramatically boosting food production.

reduce poverty and improve the standard of living.

Parliamentary systems failed in most eastern European states largely because

those states did not have a tradition of democracy.

peasants preferred a more authoritarian regime

propaganda turned people against their governments.

farmers did not want to give up their property rights.

In Germany, inflation and unemployment during the Great Depression paved the way for

authoritarian leaders.

new social programs

women’s rights.

labor unions.

Why did people accept dictatorial rulers during the Great Depression?

Dictators offered simple solutions.

Nobody else wanted to lead the countries.

Dictators took over by force.

Most people preferred dictators over freedom.

Which of the following is the title of a major Nazi propaganda film directed by Leni Riefenstahl?

Triumph of the Will

Mein Kampf

Quo Vadis

Birth of a Nation

President Franklin Delano Roosevelt dealt with the Depression in the U.S. by

instituting a policy of active government intervention in the economy.

initiating a series of penalties for people who did not save money.

lending large amounts of money to Germany and other countries in need.

raising taxes and lowering wages.

Which of the following was a result of the U.S. stock market crash?

Many important banks in Europe collapsed.

Wealthy people made more money.

U.S. investors gave loans to German banks.

Farmers faced poverty before other members of society.

What was the result of the United States' refusal to join the League of Nations?

The League became ineffective.

Germany also refused to join.

The League ratified the Treaty of Versailles.

Germany refused to pay reparations.

Who gained control of the Communist party by purging it of anyone who opposed him?

Stalin

Trotsky

Lenin

Franco

What laws made life difficult for Jews in Nazi Germany?

Nuremberg laws

Enabling Laws

Social Darwin laws

Kristallnacht laws

In Mein Kampf, Hitler laid out his ideas about lebensraum, which emphasizes the right of superior nations to

expand their boundaries.

rule other nations.

dictate trade agreements.

lead the way for others.

What was the Kristallnacht, which happened on November 9, 1938?

a destructive rampage against German Jews led by Nazis

the signing of Hitler’s agreement with Russia

the creation of Hitler’s secret police

the inspiration for the anthem of the Nazi Party

Who led the military rebels to victory in the Spanish Civil War?

Franco

Mussolini

Hitler

Stalin

Which of the following is an artistic movement that reflects a postwar fascination with the absurd and the unconscious content of the mind?

surrealism

uncertainty principle

postmodernism

Freud’s psychology

Hitler's goal was to create a

Third Reich, or German Empire.

Third Workers' Party.

Third Depression.

Third Reichstag.

Hitler ended Germany’s depression, economic woes, and unemployment by

implementing public works projects and a rearmament program.

building more churches and universities

passing the Nuremberg laws. C. implementing public works project

putting women to work in factories.

What aspect of extraterritoriality harmed China?

Europeans did not have to obey Chinese laws.

Neighborhoods were established for foreign residents.

Europeans live in five ports of China.

Foreigners could live in China.