State of consciousness
Sleep+Dreams
Stages of sleep
| Stage | Waves | Experience |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alpha | Awake+relaxed |
| 2 | Sleep Spindles | Asleep |
| 3 | Delta | Deep sleep |
| REM | Rapid eye Movement | Brain active, body paralyzed |
Deep sleep- Body paralyzed but brain is active
Sleep Cycle
60-90 minutes
4-6 cycles
As the night progresses you spend more time in REM sleep and less time in deep sleep
| 1,2,3,2, REM | 1st Cycle |
|---|---|
| 2,3,2, REM | 2-6 Cycle |
REM vs. DEEP SLEEP
| REM | DEEP SLEEP |
|---|---|
| Brain is Active | Brain is Slow |
| Dream/Nightmares | Night Terrors, Sleepwalking |
| Increases as you get closer to awake | Decrease the longer you sleep |
REM Rebound- the body receives more REM than usual.
Nightmares vs. Night Terrors
| Nightmares | Night Terrors |
|---|---|
| REM | DEEP |
| Cannot act out | Can act out |
| Can remember | Cannot Remember |
| Occur in head | Hallucination |
Sleep Diseases
Sleep Apnea: The sensation of breathing during sleep, you wake up to take a breath; but don’t remember
Causes: Thick neck 17 in, obesity, alcohol, smoking, genetics.
Narcolepsy: Sudden onset of Sudden Sleep
Catolepsy: Fainting
Causes: Genetics
Insomnia: Having trouble falling asleep or staying asleep
Causes: Anxiety or Stress
REM Behavior Disorder: Failure of REM paralysis, so you act out dreams
Dreaming Theories
Freud-Wish Fulfillment: We are driven by unconscious mind, dreams fulfill that
Manifest Content: What is happening in the dream
Latent: Hidden meaning of dream
Information Processing: Consolidation of memories firing occurring in the brain
Physiological Function: To develop and preserve neuro pathways
Activation Synthesis: Random visual memories that we weave into stories
Cognitive Development: Dreams represent dreamers knowledge of understanding.
Alfred Binet: Created standardized test to identify children requiring extra attention in school
Francis Galton: Psychometrics, nature vs. nurture, Believed genetics was the most important factor
Howard Gardner: Theory of multiple intelligence to expand traditional conceptions of intelligence, 8-9 different types of smart. Savant Syndrome
Savant Syndrome: Persons with various developmental disorders, have an amazing ability and talent
Daniel Goleman: Importance of emotional intelligence
Charles Spearman: Intelligence traced to a single underlying general metal ability known as g. or general intelligence. Factor Analysis
Robert Sternberg: Triarchic theory of intelligence, analytical, creative, and practical abilities come together to create intelligence.
Lewis Terman: Expanded Binet’s system to create the concept of IQ and early IQ tests, mental chronological age to calculate IQ, Stanford Binet, Eugenics
LL Thurstone: Critic of spearman who believed intelligence was made up of seven separate mental ability’s
William Stern: IQ score Mental age/Chronological age times 100