Flashcards Chapter 5-Tissues

Chapter 5: Tissues

5.1 Cells Are Organized into Tissues

  • Tissues: groups of similar cells performing common functions.

  • Four major tissue types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous.

5.2 Epithelial Tissues

  • Characteristics: cover organs, line cavities, make up glands, avascular, rapidly healing, tightly packed.

  • Classified by shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) and layers (simple, stratified, pseudostratified).

  • Examples of epithelium:

    • Simple Squamous: alveoli, capillaries (filtration, diffusion).

    • Simple Cuboidal: kidney tubules, glands (secretion, absorption).

    • Simple Columnar: intestines, uterus (secretion, absorption).

    • Stratified Squamous: skin, oral cavity (protection).

    • Transitional: urinary bladder (stretching).

5.3 Connective Tissues

  • Characteristics: most abundant tissue type; composed of cells, fibers, and ground substance; varies from fluid to solid; includes fixed and wandering cells.

  • Functions: binding, support, protection, frameworks, fat storage, blood cell production.

  • Major types: Loose (Areolar, Adipose), Dense (Regular, Irregular, Elastic), Specialized (Cartilage, Bone, Blood).

5.4 Membranes

  • Composed of epithelial and connective tissues.

  • Types:

    • Serous: line cavities not open to the exterior; secrete serous fluid.

    • Mucous: line cavities opening to the outside; secrete mucus.

    • Cutaneous: skin; protects body surface.

    • Synovial: connective tissue; line joint cavities.

5.5 Muscle Tissues

  • Characteristics: excitable, contractile.

  • Types:

    • Skeletal: voluntary, striated, attached to bones.

    • Smooth: involuntary, non-striated, in walls of hollow organs.

    • Cardiac: involuntary, striated, in heart; intercalated discs present.

5.6 Nervous Tissues

  • Neurons: main functional cells, conduct impulses for body regulation.

  • Neuroglia: supportive cells for neurons.

  • Nervous tissue located in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.

Glandular Epithelium

  • Endocrine (secretes into blood) and Exocrine (secretes into ducts).

  • Exocrine gland types: unicellular (goblet cells) and multicellular (simple and compound glands).