Askin St illusion

Tunnel vision

Memory → Sensory memory

·       Perception, problem solving, planning used in short term memory (working memory)

·       Temporary holds and processes info

·       Chunking numbers/letters

n-back Task, letter sequencing

declarative (explicit) memory: put into words

·       episodic: events, stories, episodes (driving to Toronto)

·       semantic: facts, definitions, etc. (capital of Canada is Ottawa)

non-declarative (implicit) memory

·       Motor skills and habits (playing the guitar, “muscle memory”) aka procedural memory

Retrograde amnesia:

·       Lose explicit memories but not implicit memories typically

·       Example: The Vow

Anterograde amnesia:

·       Normal short term memory

·       Remember everything up to incident

·       Cannot form new long term memory

·       Can form long term implicit memories

·       Example:50 first dates,memento

Levels of processing

Deeper you process the stronger ‘memory traces’ left behind

·       # of letters (shallow processing)

·       Sentence context (slightly deeper)

·       Deeper?

·       Sandbox Analogy (deeper the impression, the longer/more traces there are)

Serial Position Effect

Primacy effect-the first things are more remembered

Recency effect-the last things are remembered

Measuring Memory:

·       Recall

(e.g. short answer)

·       Recognition

(e.g. multiple choice)

Information Processing Model:

Sensory info → sensory organs → info lost or transferred → short term memory → transferred to long term memory or lost

sensory memory has a very short duration, large capacity

attention is essential to short term memory

Working Memory: Part of STM that temporarily holds and processes information. Used in: Planning, Problem solving, Perception

Sensory memory is transferred to our working memory which can be transferred to our long term memory, and our working memory can retrieve from our long term memory

False memory effect

You are likely to have false memories of words that belong in the same semantic network as the actual words that were said

Your mind fills in the blanks of what it expects through schemas

Priming can impact your interpretation of memories and can create false memories

Emotional memories (flashbulb memories) are not reliable, they can change

Transduction: Turning sensory information into a neural impulse

Sensory Adaptation: We become less sensitive to constant stimuli

Our retinas detect light and send signals through the optic nerves. Our eye lenses focus light onto the retina to see more clearly and filters out the UV light so it does not reach the retina cones, and we cannot see it. This protects our eyes from damage.

blind spots in the eye lack photoreceptors (no cones or rods in this area)

Opponent-Process Theory

Inattentional Blindness  Failure to perceive an item because we haven’t paid attention to it.

Search Tasks  Signal-to-Noise ratio  Detecting signals amongst the ‘noise’  E.g.,  Searching for a friend in a crowd. You must move attention to each item

Your attention was immediately (and involuntarily) drawn to the salient item.  Once you attended to it, you could perceive it.

Muller-Lyer Illusion