Eyes & Ears - Snow Day Questions

Eye Structures and Their Roles

1. Conjunctiva: A thin membrane lining the eyelids and covering part of the eye. It provides lubrication and protection from the environment.

2. Cornea: A transparent front layer of the eye that allows light to enter. It helps in focusing light.

3. Iris: A colored muscular layer surrounding the pupil which controls the size of the pupil and the amount of light that enters the eye.

4. Pupil: The opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

5. Lens: A crystalline structure behind the iris that further focuses light onto the retina.

6. Retina: The innermost layer of the eye that contains photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) responsible for converting light into neural signals for vision.

7. Optic Nerve: The nerve that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain for processing.

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Eye Injuries and Mechanisms of Injury (MOI)

1. Hyphema: Involves bleeding in the anterior chamber of the eye; MOI can include blunt trauma from a blow to the eye.

2. Conjunctivitis: Involves inflammation of the conjunctiva; MOI can include infection (viral or bacterial) or allergic reactions.

3. Blow-out Fracture: Involves fractures of the bones surrounding the eye, particularly the orbital floor; MOI typically includes blunt force trauma to the face causing a fracture.

Ear Structures and Their Roles

1. Outer Ear: Comprised of the visible part (pinna) and ear canal; collects sound and directs it to the tympanic membrane.

2. Middle Ear: Contains the eardrum and ossicles (hammer, anvil, stirrup); conducts sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear.

3. Inner Ear: Houses the cochlea and vestibular structures; responsible for hearing and balance.

4. Tympanic Membrane: Also known as the eardrum, it vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits these vibrations to the inner ear.

Ear Injuries and Mechanisms of Injury (MOI)

1. Swimmer's Ear: An infection caused by water staying in the ear canal; MOI includes exposure to contaminated water.

2. Tympanic Membrane Rupture: Involves a tear in the eardrum; MOI can include trauma from a sudden loud noise or pressure change, or insertion of foreign objects.

3. Cauliflower Ear: A condition resulting from repeated trauma to the outer ear; MOI typically involves friction or impact that causes blood to accumulate in the ear tissue.