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UNIT 8 EXAM: GLOBAL CONFLICTS OF THE 20TH CENTURY

Questions 1 - 3 refer to the image below.

CAPTION READS:

Only William's Way. 

Marianne: "What a very uppish person!" 

Mr John Bull: "Oh, I suppose it's what he calls being 'correct.'"

["In foreign policy the relations of the German empire with all the Powers are correct, and with most Powers they are good and friendly." The Kaiser's Speech at the Reichstag - The Times, Wednesday, November 29.]

1. What 3 countries are depicted in this cartoon?

   1. Germany, France & Britain

   2. Germany, Russia, and Britain

   3. Germany, France & Russia

   4. France, Britain, and Austria

2. What event led most directly to the formation of the alliance depicted in the cartoon?

   1. The assassination of Franz Ferdinand

   2. The Crimean Wars and lopsided Treaty of Paris

   3. The Morocco Crisis and Conference at Algeciras

   4. The naval race between Germany and Russia

3. The shift in alliances from maintaining the balance of power to preparing for war occurred most directly due to:

   1. Wilhelm II’s ambitions and the dismissal of Otto von Bismarck as chancellor

   2. The aggressive policies of Russia and the Ottoman Empire 

   3. The end of Britain’s policy of “splendid isolationism”

   4. The resignation of the level-headed Wilhelm I as emperor

4. What was the immediate cause of British entry into the First World War?

   1. The sinking of the Lusitania

   2. The German invasion of neutral Belgium

   3. The Austrian ultimatum to Serbia

   4. The Algeciras Conference

5. What did the Schlieffen Plan call for in 1914?

   1. Support of Austria-Hungary in its attack on Serbia and an invasion of Russia

   2. A quick defeat of Russia before turning on France

   3. An attack and a quick defeat of France before attacking Russia

   4. An invasion of Russia together with diplomatic reassurances to France

6. Why did Italy, once a part of the Triple Alliance, decide to join the Triple Entente in 1915?

   1. Italy believed Austria had launched a war of aggression & took responsibility for helping to stop Austria and Germany.

   2. The pope had convinced Italian leaders that it was their Christian duty.

   3. Growing Italian nationalism shamed Italian leaders into doing so.

   4. Italy desired Austrian territory that was not gained during unification.

Questions 7 - 9  refer to the image below,

7. What contribution to the war effort is most directly depicted in this poster? 

1. Rationing

2. Female employment

3. Supply drives

4. Purchasing of war bonds

8. How did the war effort affect the way the majority of European governments viewed free-market capitalism?

1. Governments permanently abandoned capitalism and shifted to government managed economies

2. Governments temporarily suspended the free market and put restrictions on wages and prices as well as production goals

3. Governments steadfastly adhered to the capitalist policies which had led to economic growth in the previous century

4. Governments continued strict capitalist policies as they shifted their full attention to the war effort

9. The propaganda poster most clearly alludes to which of the following:

1. German atrocities in Belgium

2. The struggles of France on the Western Front

3. The sinking of the Lusitania

4. The US embargo placed on German goods

10.  What happened to Armenian inhabitants of the Ottoman Empire during World War I?

    1. Having lived on both sides of the border between the Ottoman and Russian empires, they left the former in large numbers to seek sanctuary in Russia.

    2. The Ottoman Empire ordered their mass deportation from their homeland, resulting in about a million Armenian deaths from murder, starvation, and disease.

    3. They largely remained within their homeland in the Ottoman Empire but were criticized for not contributing more to the war effort.

    4. Most found ways to leave the Ottoman Empire during the war and make their way to the United States.

11. What did Germany’s Auxiliary Service Law require?

    1. That colonial people serve in support roles in the German army

    2. That soldiers who had served their draft requirement reenlist in the military after a three-month break if they were healthy and fit for battle

    3. That unmarried women join the medical corps to help take care of wounded soldiers

    4. That all men between seventeen and sixty work at jobs considered critical to the war effort

12. What was French premier Georges Clemenceau’s focus at the Paris Peace Conference?

    1. He strongly supported the creation of a League of Nations.

    2. He advocated lenient treatment of Germany.

    3. He agreed to renounce France’s claim to Alsace and Lorraine.

    4. He wanted to create a buffer state between Germany and France.

13. What was the principle of national self-determination promoted by Woodrow Wilson?

    1. People should be able to choose a national government through a democratic process and live free from outside interference. 

    2. People should be able to choose their own nationality and form whatever borders they find most convenient.

    3. People should be able to select their form of government, whether authoritarian or democratic, and establish their own place in the international order. 

    4. People should be able to choose a structure of government within the framework of the League of Nations to ensure that individual rights are sustained. 

14. Why did the Germans accept the Treaty of Versailles? 

    1. They were led by politicians who lined their pockets at the nation’s expense.

    2. They had little alternative, especially as the naval blockade was still in place and the German people were starving.

    3. They believed that neither France nor Great Britain would enforce the provisions of the treaty that Germany disliked.

    4. They realized that some of the provisions would permit them to establish German authority toward the east.

15.  What did the “war guilt clause” in the Treaty of Versailles declare?

    1. All of the Great Powers involved in the war were equally responsible for starting the war.

    2. All of the European Powers were equally responsible for starting the war.

    3. The Russian Empire was primarily responsible for starting the war, and the Soviet Union was obligated to pay reparations.

    4. Germany was responsible for the war and had to pay reparations.

16. How did Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff react to Germany’s loss in the war in the fall of 1918?

    1. They decided to mount one last grand offensive to save the honor of the German army.

    2. They accepted responsibility for the failure to win the war and decided to sue for peace.

    3. Not wanting to shoulder the blame, they insisted moderate politicians should take responsibility for the defeat.

    4. They staged a coup against the government and deposed the German emperor.

Use the cartoon to answer questions 17 - 19

17.  The artist of this cartoon would most likely support which of the following groups after WWI?

1. The Nazi Party         B. The government of the Weimar Republic        C. The Bolsheviks          D. The Popular Front 

18. The deliberations that took place during the negotiations of the Treaty of Versailles were different from those during the Congress of Vienna (1815) in what way? 

1. The Congress of Vienna restored Catholicism to countries conquered by Napoleon while the treaty of Versailles did not concern itself with religious issues.

2. The Congress of Vienna included the defeated country in the negotiation process while the Treaty of Versailles did not.

3. The Congress of Vienna attempted to ensure democratic governments would dominate Europe while the Treaty of Versailles supported self-determination.

4. The Congress of Vienna led directly to future wars while the Treaty of Versailles was successful at creating a lasting peace settlement.

19. Which of the following members of the Big Four would have most objected to the terms of the Treaty of Versailles depicted in this cartoon?

1. Woodrow Wilson       B.  Georges Clemenceau     C. Vittorio Orlando     D. David Lloyd George

20. What is one way in which the Treaty of Versailles differed from the Fourteen Points?

1. Only the Treaty of Versailles argued for demilitarization

2. Only the Fourteen Points advocated for Germany to pay reparations

3. Only the Treaty of Versailles forced Germany to pay reparations

4. Only the Fourteen Points reflected ideas of self-determination

Use the excerpts below to answer questions 21 - 24

“Comrades, the workmen’s and peasant’s revolution, the need of which the Bolsheviks have emphasized many times, has come to pass…Its significance is, in the first place, that we shall have a soviet government, without the participation of bourgeoisie of any kind. The oppressed masses will of themselves form a government…We have now learned to work together in a friendly manner, as is evident from this revolution.”

—Vladimir Lenin, speech, Winter Palace, St. Petersburg, November 8, 1917

“The Commission is to be called the All-Russian Extraordinary Commission for the Struggle with Counter-Revolution and Sabotage and is to be attached to the Council of People’s Commissars…The Commission shall keep an eye on the press, saboteurs, right Socialist Revolutionaries and strikers. Measures to be taken are confiscation, imprisonment, confiscation of cards, publication of the names of the enemies of the people, etc.”

—Vladimir Lenin, St. Petersburg, December 20, 1917

21. Prior to the first document, all of the following had occurred in 1917 EXCEPT:

A. the rule by Kerensky.

B. the Kornilov Insurrection.

C. the murder of Nicholas II and his family.

D. the abdication of the tsar.

22. Lenin’s mention of the need for a new type of government was most directly in reference to ending...

A. The Tsarist government.

B. The Provisional Government.

C. Russian involvement in World War II.

D. Russian alliance with the German bourgeoisie.

23. Which of the following most likely led Lenin to make his December 20th statement?

A. After his initial statement in November, peasants fought back against the revolution.

B. Counter-revolutionaries, such as the Petrograd Soviet, worked against Lenin’s government.

C. Bourgeois members of the Bolshevik government spoke out against Lenin’s inordinate power.

D.   Newspapers criticized the new Bolshevik government.

24. One significant difference between the ideology of Lenin and the original ideas of Marx was that…

A. Unlike Marx, Lenin advocated for the end to private property

B. Unlike Marx, Lenin advocated for a revolution led by professional revolutionaries

C. Unlike Marx, Lenin advocated for a worldwide proletarian uprising

D. Unlike Marx, Lenin advocated for the end to class distinctions

25. What was the primary political weakness of the White forces as they fought against the Bolsheviks?

A. They insisted on the restoration of the monarchy, which had little support among the peasants.

B. They refused to negotiate with the Bolsheviks when invited to participate in the new government.

C. They lacked any financial backing from foreign governments.

D. They had a poorly defined political program that failed to unite the enemies of the Bolsheviks.

26.  What ultimately happened to Ukraine and Belarus, parts of the Russian Empire ceded to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?

A. The Soviet Union reconquered those territories during its civil war.

B. They were made protectorates of the League of Nations.

C. They were established as independent nations.

D. Germany incorporated most of those lands into its new, expanded empire.

27.  What was the effect of Lenin’s 1921 New Economic Policy (NEP)?

1. It encouraged peasants to sell their surplus in free markets and allowed private traders and small manufacturers to do business again. 

2. It permitted heavy industry, banks, and railroads to reappear under private ownership.

3. It established five-year plans under which the state would direct the capitalist economy. 

4. It emphasized an agricultural revolution that would feature a mechanization of the production process. 

28. Why did Stalin and his supporters sponsor the first Five-Year Plan?

1. They used the five-year plan, which Stalin knew would create a certain level of hardship and chaos, to create the ideal conditions for a wide-ranging purge of party and government officials.

2. They believed that an organized cooperation with capitalism was essential and that the NEP lacked direction and purpose.

3. They modeled the five-year plan on the Meiji Restoration in Japan, combining industrialization with, in this case, the preservation of core Russian traditions.

4. They feared a gradual restoration of capitalism and, more importantly, wanted to catch up with the West and overcome traditional Russian “backwardness.”

Questions 29 - 31 refer  to the poster below.

TRANSLATION:  Comrade, Come Join Us at the Collective Farm!

29. The circumstances portrayed in the poster are most directly a result of which of the following?

1. The Bolshevik Revolution

2. Stalin’s Great Purges

3. Stalin’s program of rapid economic modernization

4. Famine in the Ukraine  

30. Which of the following was a result of the circumstance portrayed in the poster?

1. The establishment of  the Communist International

2. Stalin’s liquidation of the kulaks

3. Stalin’s compromise with free-market principles

4. The spread of the worldwide depression into the Soviet Union

31. The poster can be used by historians as evidence for which of the following?

1. Increased government intervention in the lives of Soviet citizens.

2. Wide-scale support for Stalin’s policies

3. Stalin’s continuation  of Lenin’s policies

4. The implementation of Stalin’s labor-camp system
   

32.  Following the First World War, what was one of the most difficult domestic problems faced by governments?

1. Providing care for the large number of injured veterans

2. Identifying collaborators who had aided the enemy

3. Adapting to new expectations about women’s voting rights

4. Returning to peacetime economic production

33. In the twentieth century, Werner Heisenburg established the “uncertainty principle,” which postulates that...

1. scientific knowledge is unreliable because new discoveries constantly undermine older theories about the universe. 

2. scientific knowledge is the most reliable because scientists accept that their ideas are uncertain and constantly test and reexamine them. 

3. nature itself is ultimately unknowable and unpredictable and lacks any absolute objective reality.

4. God produced doubt in humans to challenge their simple belief so that it would grow into a mature faith.

34. In his philosophical writings, Friedrich Nietzsche argued that

1. the Western world had overemphasized rationality and stifled the authentic passions that drive human activity and true creativity.

2. democracy, progress, and respectability were important ideas that no civilization could do without.

3. the individual must not accept the idea that human existence is meaningless.

4. humans must overcome their animal instincts, which prevent them from refining their intellectual abilities and moral sensibilities.

35. In twentieth century literature, the stream-of-consciousness technique uses

1. a series of visual images to express emotions. 

2. a series of disjointed references and observations for the reader to decipher.

3. a linear line of language without punctuation or capitalization.

4. internal monologues to explore the psyche.

Questions 36 - 37  refer to the image below.

Salvador Dali, Persistence of Memory, 1931

36. This painting by Dali is an example of which of the following developments during the early 20th century?

1. Artists’ desire to conform to existing aesthetic standards

2. Artists’ desire to appeal to emotion

3. Artists’ desire to explore dreams and the subconscious

4. Artists’ desire to mimic American models of art and culture

37. Which of the following would have been a factor that led artists to create works such as those shown in the painting above?

1. The experiences of World War I led to a new age of anxiety and uncertainty during the first half of the twentieth century. 

2. A decline in the role of organized religion during the first half of the twentieth century

3. A greater acceptance of western society and values

4. The left-wing dictatorships of Francisco Franco and Benito Mussolini in Spain and Italy, respectively.

Question 38 - 40 refer to the excerpts below:

“The phrase laissez faire is not to be found in the works of Adam Smith, of Ricardo, or of Malthus. Even the idea is not present in a dogmatic form in any of these authors. Adam Smith, of course, was a Free Trader and an opponent of many eighteenth-century restrictions on trade. But his attitude towards the Navigation Acts and the usury laws shows that he was not dogmatic.”

—John Maynard Keynes, The End of Laissez-Faire, London, 1926

“The State will have to exercise a guiding influence on the propensity to consume partly through its scheme of taxation, partly by fixing the rate of interest, and partly, perhaps, in other ways…not the ownership of the instruments of production…socialization can be introduced gradually and without a break in the general traditions of society.”

—John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, 1936

38. In the quote from The End of Laissez-Faire, Keynes most directly addressed:

A. capitalism which had gained prominence in the 150 years prior

B. mercantilism which had been the main economic system of the 17th and 18th centuries

C. communism which had been promulgated by Lenin in 1917

D. imperialism which the British had used to create a worldwide empire in the late 19th century and early 20th centuries.

39. Before publishing his The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, one of the defining events that helped shape the evolution of Keynes’ theories was the:

A. World War I

B. the Great Depression

C. the rise of dictators

D. World War II.

40. John Maynard Keynes was also known for...

1. advocating minimal government intervention in the economy.

2. being avowedly hostile to Germany.

3. denouncing the Treaty of Versailles for economic reasons.

4. Breaking new ground in the study of sociology
   

41. What agreement did the United States develop to resolve the economic problems of Germany and international tensions in Europe in 1924?

A. Agricultural Adjustment Act.

B. Dawes Plan

C. New Deal

D. Locarno Pact

42. The signatories of the 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact, initiated by French prime minister Aristide Briand and U.S. secretary of state Frank B. Kellogg, agreed to...

A. review on an annual basis any issues that might disturb the balance of power in Europe.

B. take part in a defensive alliance against the Soviet Union.

C. renounce war as an instrument of international policy. 

D. sponsor a revision of German reparations payments.

Use the cartoon below to answer questions 43 - 44

George Grosz, German political cartoon, 1923

43. The message of George Grosz best reflects the…

1. Reaction against capitalism and war profiteering following WWI

2. Cooperation between industrialists and working classes during WWI

3. High level of support for the Weimar government for ending Germany’s participation in WWI

4. High levels of solidarity and class consciousness among German workers

44. The artist’s perspective would most directly be influenced by which of the following?

1. German economic growth during the post-war  years

2. The arguments of John Maynard Keynes that Versailles was a “Carthaginian Peace”

3. The economic downturn after WWI and the resultant suffering of the working class 

4. The failure of the Bolsheviks under Lenin to establish economic growth 
   

45. What characteristics did Communist and fascist dictatorships share?

1. Both wanted to build a new national community grounded in racial homogeneity.

2. Both viewed the Jewish people as the chief danger to historical progress for humanity.

3. Both based their ideologies on the writings of Karl Marx.

4. Both engaged in state-controlled social engineering projects meant to replace individualism with a unified “people.”

46. How did Mussolini build support from big business in Italy?

1. He instituted the liberal political reforms that they demanded.

2. He gave huge military contracts to a few key business leaders.

3. He established a new chamber of commerce with substantial power over commercial law. 

4. He kept the economy from leaning to Communism with his system of corporatism.

47. In the Lateran Agreement, how did Mussolini resolve the status of the Catholic Church in Italy?

1. The Vatican was recognized as a protectorate under the League of Nations. 

2. The Catholic Church abandoned all of its political claims within Italy in return for a permanent church tax collected by the state.

3. The Vatican was recognized as an independent but received heavy support from the Italian state.

4. The Catholic Church obtained tax & legal exemptions for Vatican City in exchange for recognizing Italy’s claim over the city itself.

48. What was the purpose of the Enabling Act passed in Germany in 1933?

1. It required all Jews to wear identifying badges after kristallnacht. 

2. It gave Hitler dictatorial powers for four years after the Reichstag Fire.

3. It outlawed all socialist and Communist political parties after the Spartacist Revolt. 

4. It mandated a new civil requirement that forbade Jews from holding public office.

49. What did the Popular Front do after its 1936 victory in France?

1. It provided strong support for its sister Popular Front government in the Spanish Civil War

2. It enacted a modest program of social reform in an attempt not to frighten conservatives.

3. It encouraged the union movement and launched a far-reaching program of social reforms that included a forty-hour workweek.

4. It adopted the program of the Comintern in preparation for a Communist Revolution in France.

50. What was the Nazi Party policy of “coordination”?

1. It forced German society to conform to National Socialist ideology.

2. It integrated German manufacturing of commercial goods with its production of munitions in order to hide the effort to rebuild the German military.

3. It linked the work of the traditional military with the work of the SA and the SS.

4. It combined the German public school system with Nazi propaganda programs.

51. Stalin’s theory of socialism in one country

1. Built upon an original theory by Leon Trotsky.

2. Diverged significantly from the ideas of Trotsky and Lenin.

3. maintained that the success of socialism depended on world revolution.

4. proposed that puppet governments should be created in satellite states.

52. How did the Nazis seek to legitimize their racial policies?

1. They undertook massive genealogical research in order to demonstrate that different races derived from different ancestors.

2. They established research institutes that defined racial differences in order to present prejudice in the guise of science.

3. They sponsored studies of cultures in order to prove that certain cultures were intellectually superior to others and that German culture was superior to all. 

4. They provided vast funding to both Catholic and Protestant churches in order for those churches to promote a racialized understanding of Christianity. 

53. What was the effect of the 1935 Nuremberg Law?

1. It allowed marriage between a Jew and a person defined as a German.

2. It defined as Jewish anyone having three or more Jewish grandparents.

3. It permitted Jews to have some rights of citizenship.

4. It banned most Jewish lawyers, doctors, and professors from their professions.

Questions 54 - 57 refer to the following speech to Nazi officers.

“I ask of you that that which I say to you in this circle be really only heard and not ever discussed. We were faced with the question: what about the women and children? – I decided to find a clear solution to this problem too. I did not consider myself justified to exterminate the men – in other words, to kill them or have them killed and allow the avengers of our sons and grandsons in the form of their children to grow up. The difficult decision had to be made to have this people disappear from the earth. For the organisation which had to execute this task, it was the most difficult which we had ever had. I felt obliged to you, as the most superior dignitary, as the most superior dignitary of the party, this political order, this political instrument of the Führer, to also speak about this question quite openly and to say how it has been. The Jewish question in the countries that we occupy will be solved by the end of this year. Only remainders of odd Jews that managed to find hiding places will be left over.”

SOURCE: Heinrich Himmler, Reichsführer (Leader) of the SS, October 1943

54. The passage provides evidence for which of the following aspects of the Second World War?

1. The large number of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust

2. The decimation of the European Jews

3. Rampant anti-Semitism around the world

4. Rampant anti-Semitism in the occupied territories

55. All of the following groups were also victims of SS atrocities during the Second World War EXCEPT

1. Homosexuals

2. Roma/gypsies 

3. People that were disabled

4. African-American prisoners of war

56. Compared with a Social Darwinist view of the world, Himmler’s view in the passage is...

1. more focused on anti-Semitism than European racial superiority

2. more reliant on notions of European racial superiority

3. more dependent on the idea of an Aryan race

4. more accepting of the idea of human evolution

57. Which of the following had occurred as a result of increased anti-Semitism in Europe during the late nineteenth century?

1. Legislation passed by Eastern European governments against pogroms  

2. Increased Jewish emigration into Russia

3. Growth of the Zionist movement

4. Denial of citizenship to Jews of most countries
   

58. As practiced in the 1930s, appeasement was

1. a French policy that avoided any controversial foreign policy actions that might provoke a civil war between Republicans and Fascists.

2. an American policy that favored isolation from European quarrels.

3. a British policy that aimed to give Hitler whatever he wanted in order to avoid war.

4. a Soviet policy that emphasized the need to concentrate on internal matters like the five-year plan and ignore European issues.

Questions 59 - 61 refer to the speech below.  

“Since I first went to Berchtesgaden more than 20,000 letters and telegrams have come in…I have seen enough to know that the people who wrote did not feel that they had such a cause for which to fight, if they were asked to go to war in order that the Sudeten Germans might not join the Reich….  

Does the experience of the Great War and of the years that followed it give us reasonable hope that if some new war started that would end war any more than the last one did? No. I do not believe that war is inevitable.... It seems to me that the strongest argument against the inevitability of war is …hatred of the notion of starting to kill one another again. I do not think that at any time there has been a more complete identity of views between the French Government and ourselves than there is at the present time. Their objective is the same as ours—to obtain the collaboration of all nations, not excluding the totalitarian states, in building up a lasting peace for Europe….”  

SOURCE: Neville Chamberlain, Speech to the British House of Commons on the Munich Crisis, 1938

59. The ideas expressed in the excerpt most strongly reflect which of the following interwar factors?

60. Chamberlain’s speech best serves as evidence of which of the following European developments in the late 1930s?

61. In what way did mentalities across Europe prior to World War I differ from the mood reflected in Chamberlain’s 1938 speech? 

Questions 62 – 65  refer to the excerpt below. 

In summing up the seven days’ fighting by the Allied liberation forces in the invasion of northern France, it may be said without hesitation that the large-scale forcing of the Channel and the mass landing of Allied forces in the north of France have been completely successful. This is undoubtedly a brilliant success for our Allies. One cannot but acknowledge that the history of war knows no other similar undertaking as regards breadth of design, vastness of scale and high skill of execution. As is known, the “invincible” Napoleon, in his time, disgracefully failed in his plan of forcing the Channel and capturing the British Isles. The hysterical Hitler, who for two years boasted that he would affect the forcing of the Channel, did not even venture to make an attempt to carry out his threat. Only the British and American troops succeeded in carrying out with credit the vast plan of forcing the Channel and effecting the mass landing of troops. History will record this deed as an achievement of the highest order.

SOURCE: Stalin’s response to a Pravda correspondent, June 13, 1944

62. The military action discussed in this excerpt was:

A. The Battle of Britain

B.  The D-day invasion

C.  Stalingrad

D.  Leningrad

63. What was the “Europe First” policy adopted by the Allied Powers during World War II?

1. Allied forces in Europe would be supplied before supplies were made available to forces in Asia.

2. Atomic weapons would be used first in Europe if they were ready before the war ended.

3. Hitler would be defeated before the Allies mounted an all-out assault on Japan.

4. All colonies were expected to support the European governments before defending themselves.

64. During the war, Stalin shifted his propaganda focus…

A. away from Communist ideology and toward broad-based nationalism

B. away from Communist ideology and toward  more racially-driven argument for Russian superiority

C. away from general nationalism and toward a stronger focus on Marxist ideas

D. away from patriotic sentiment and toward more economic focused propaganda

65. Following the event described, the Battle of the Bulge:

1. Was a victory for the Soviet Union C. Resulted in the surrender of Italy

2. Was Germany’s last offensive on the Western Front        D. Resulted directly in the end of WWII

66. How did the Nazis manage France after they conquered it in 1940?

1. They allowed an independent government on the condition they allied with Germany.

2. They placed German governors in France with full authority to manage local populations.

3. They created a German bureaucracy staffed by professional diplomats to rule over the conquered people.

4. They established a puppet government to rule the country in accord with German needs.

67. What was Germany’s goal in the Battle of Britain?

A. To destroy British naval ports so that Great Britain could not invade German-controlled land

B. To undermine Britain’s ability to draw on the resources of its colonies for support 

C. To provide a warning to the United States against entering the war

D. To gain air supremacy in anticipation of an invasion of Great Britain

68.  What role did radar play in WWII?

A. It allowed Germany to defeat the Royal Air Force

B. It allowed the Royal Air Force to defeat Germany

C. It allowed the Allies to detect enemy ships more effectively

D. It assisted the Germans in their blitzkrieg attack

69.  The “Finest Hour” speech was significant because it…

1. Helped keep British morale strong during the Blitz

2. Convinced the US to join WWII

3. Increased Russian support for the “Great Patriotic War”

4. Marked an end of isolationism for Britain

70. What was the significance of the Battle of Midway?

A. It marked the beginning of the Allied offensive in the Pacific

B. it was a major Japanese victory

C. It brought the Allies less than 100 miles from Japan

D. It convinced the Allies they must drop the atomic bomb on Japan

71.  What was the significance of the Battle of the Bulge (1945)?

A. It was the final German offensive on the Western Front

B. It resulted in a dramatic German victory, bringing them closer to Paris.

C. It led to the liberation of many prisoners in Polish concentration camps.

D. It led to the defeat of Italy.

72. Which event marked the final Allied victory in World War II?

A. Battle of the Bulge

B. Japanese surrender

C. D-Day invasion

D. Battle of Stalingrad

73. At the time of the Yalta Conference, Eastern Europe was under the control of:  

1. Nazi Germany B. America C. The USSR D. Great Britain

74. At Potsdam, the Allies Agreed to …

1. Withdraw from Germany by the end of 1946.

2. Organize elections in Germany once the war ended

3. Ban the use of atomic weapons

4. Divide germany into zones of occupation

75. The Holocaust claimed the greatest number of victims from…

1. Germany B. Poland C. Lithuania D. Hungary