chp5

Reductio argument: proving something is wrong by showing if it were true it would lead into something impossible 

Analogical arguments:

• Precedent analogies

  • compare new situation to the previous that is similar to justify something

• Causal analogies

  • a comparison between two things to help explain in simple way

• Historical analogies

  • compare situation to past similar situation to explain it better

• Capital punishment analogies

  • changes the framing of the issues to see the innocent

• Post hoc fallacy analogies

  • the first event must of caused the second event

• Questionable cause fallacy

  • assuming one thing is the cause of another but theres not evidence

• Pickle fallacy II analogies

  • a fun way of telling people

• Faulty analogies

  • comparing two things that aren’t similar leading to a false conclusion

Kinds of explanations

• Reasons

  • explanation in terms of the reason or intentions of the actors

• General causal claim

  • Says one thing causes another thing to happen

• Particular causal claim

  • one specific event caused another specific event or results