smith-1966-the-millenium-of-the-mont-saint-michel

Introduction to Mont-Saint-Michel and English Historical Perspectives

• English awareness of history is often limited, with 1066 as a key date for Englishmen.

• Celebrations for significant anniversaries, such as Westminster Abbey (900 years) and the Battle of Hastings (900 years).

• The Bayeux tapestry as a vivid historical record, portraying the Norman Conquest and justifying William's actions after Harold's broken promise.

The Significance of Mont-Saint-Michel in Norman History

Patronage of St. Michael

• St. Michael: Patron Saint of Normans; William the Conqueror invaded England on St. Michael's Vigil (September 29).

• After victory, William thanked St. Michael at Mont-Saint-Michel, notable for its association with Benedictines established by Richard Sans Peur in 966.

Historical Background and Monastic Life

• Description of the founding of Benedictine life on Mont-Saint-Michel, including the religious devotion and leadership of Abbot Maynard.

• The scriptural significance of St. Michael in various traditions, including his role as protector and defender against evil.

Mont-Saint-Michel's Physical and Spiritual Landscape

Early Legends and Religious Foundations

• Original name: Mont Tombe; St. Aubert commanded to build a sanctuary after visions of St. Michael (709).

• Construction begins; legends of the bull leading to the chapel site; mystical experiences form part of the Mont's lore.

Architectural Development

• The evolution of Mont-Saint-Michel's architecture from Romanesque to Gothic styles, with significant contributions from the Norman Dukes, particularly Richard I.

• The influence of William of Volpiano in reforming monastic life and the establishment of the Romanesque church (1020-1135).

The Mount's Cultural Influence and Military Associations

Integration of Monastic and Military Ideals

• The impact of St. Michael as a figure who inspires both monastic devotion and knightly valor, especially during the Crusades.

• Connection drawn between the ideals of knightly chivalry and the fervor of monastic life; St. Michael as a knightly patron.

The Mont's Role in Pilgrimage and National Identity

Pilgrimage and Popular Culture

• By the 12th century, Mont-Saint-Michel emerged as a significant pilgrimage site, illustrated by anecdotes of joyful journeys to the Mount.

• Descriptions of the atmosphere surrounding pilgrimages, emphasizing communal joy and the vibrant trade accompanying pilgrim traffic.

Joan of Arc and St. Michael's Influence

• St. Michael's image notably linked with the story of Joan of Arc, marking St. Michael as pivotal in French national identity and military success against the English during wars.

Transformation Through the Ages

Mont-Saint-Michel's Evolution

• Transition from the medieval significance of the Mount to its secularization in the 18th century, including uses as a prison during the French Revolution.

• Revitalization efforts during the 19th century under Napoleon III, restoration gaining momentum with the return of monks to the Mount.

Symbol of Resilience and Hope

• Mont-Saint-Michel stands today as an enduring symbol of faith, cultural heritage, and artistic achievement within the Christian tradition.

• It serves as a pilgrimage site not just for its historical significance but also for its spiritual sanctuary amidst modern challenges.