Astronomy Review
The Big Bang
The universe began as a ________ _______that was infinitely hot and dense, similar to a _______ _______. The current estimate for the age of the universe is ________ years.
After the Big Bang, there were two major stages in the evolution of the universe, known as the _______ and ________ eras.
Epochs of each era:
The first era involved the creation of the four fundamental forces: _______, ________, ___________, and __________, as well as the first element: _________. This era was relatively brief and lasted about 50 000 years.
The beginning of the next era is characterized by the cooling of the universe, allowing for the creation of the second element: _______. The creation of this element allowed atomic clouds to form, and once their gravity was strong enough these clouds formed into ______, which created the rest of the elements on the periodic table.
Evidence of the Big Bang
History of Astronomy
Eratosthenes:
Hipparchus:
Ptolemy:
Model of the universe explained ________
Copernicus: First _________ model of universe, explained ________ motion. Orbits were ___________
Kepler:
Galileo:
Newton:
Galaxies
Main types of galaxies
When classifying galaxies, ellipticals are classified based on_________, spirals are classified by _____________
Components of galaxies. Briefly explain each.
Disk:
Bulge:
Halo:
Elliptical galaxies
Spiral galaxies
Stars
Life cycle for low-mass stars.(mass of ______) Briefly explain each step
5.
6.
High-mass stars(Mass of_______):
OR
Hertzprung-Russell
Trends of the H-R diagram:
Luminosity:
Temperature:
Colour:
Briefly describe the outliers on the diagram:
Constellations
Current North Star:
Located in:
Little dipper is located in:
Big dipper is located in: