Examples of introductions 2025

Writing your Introduction

What to Write

• Clearly state the aim of the experiment.

• Explain the theory behind the experiment succinctly, limiting to no more than half a page.

• Include academic references in Harvard format, ideally a minimum of three references.

How to Write

• Use clear and concise language to express the aim and underlying concepts.

• Ensure that the introduction flows logically and transitions well between points.

How Much to Write

• The introduction should condense important information into a brief overview (around 10% of the total report).

How to Reference

• Use Harvard referencing style for all sources cited in the introduction. Ensure to properly format both in-text citations and the reference list.

Determination of the Relative Molecular Mass of a Primary Amine by a Titration Method

Preparation Steps

1. Preparation of Sodium Carbonate:

   • Prepare a standard solution of sodium carbonate.

2. Determining HCl Concentration:

   • Use the prepared sodium carbonate solution to find the concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution of approximately 0.1 mol dm³.

3. Determining RMM of a Primary Amine:

   • Use the HCl solution to assess the relative molecular mass (RMM) of a primary amine with the formula Ph-CH(R)-NH2 (where Ph stands for benzene ring).

4. Identifying Group R:

   • Based on the results, suggest the identity of the group R in the amine formula.

Important Actions before the Laboratory

• Read the entire method and COSHH (Control of Substances Hazardous to Health) form before attending the lab to ensure safety and understanding of procedures.

Introduction

Aim of the Experiment

• The primary aim of the experiment is to determine the relative molecular mass (RMM) of a primary amine using titration methods.

• Focus will be on identifying the unknown alkyl ('R') group associated with the amine.

Theory Behind Titration

• Titration involves adding an acid to a basic solution while monitoring the reaction using an indicator to determine the reaction endpoint.

• The technique involves a standard solution of known concentration for accurate analysis.

Background on Amines and Titrations

• Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen and can be categorized as primary, secondary, or tertiary based on the number of hydrogens replaced by alkyl groups.

• Titration is useful for calculating concentrations and has historical significance in analytical chemistry.

References to Include

1. Johansson A. (1988). "Analytica Chimica Acta: The development of titration methods: Some historical annotations."

2. Crowe and Bradshaw (2021). "Essential contributions to analytical chemistry."

3. Lewis and Evans (2018). "Acid-Base Reactions and Titrations: A guide for practitioners."

Rubric for Introduction Assessment

• Exceptional (90-100%): Outstanding research and clarity in presentation; exceptional understanding of experiment aim and theory.

• Very Good (70-89%): High-level research; very minor errors; good clarity.

• Satisfactory (40-49%): Adequate research; some clarity issues.

• Unsatisfactory (35-39%): Poor research; significant misunderstandings.

Examples of Introductions from Experiment Reports

Example 1

• Aim: Determine RMM of primary amine using titration; methodology explained clearly.

Example 2

• Discusses titration as a method for analyzing solutions and gaining insight into amine structures; involves historical context.

Example 3

• Explanation of titration in forensic science; demonstrations of reagent reactions and analysis importance.

Example 4

• Shows concise aim formulation; clarity on acid-base reactions and importance in broader contexts.

Example 5

• Provides an overview of the methodology, emphasizing procedural details for clarity and insight into results.