Comprehensive Notes on Sample Collection Procedures

Collecting Respiratory Samples

• Purpose: Obtain samples for analysis from the lungs to identify possible infections or conditions.
• Time of Collection: First thing in the morning, to clear built-up mucus from overnight.
• Procedure:
  • Ask the patient to perform a deep cough to produce phlegm.
  • Collect expectorated sputum in a sterile cup, aiming for about 1-2 teaspoons.
  • Emphasize cleanliness; avoid contamination with food or mouthwash.
• Precautions:
  • Do not use mouthwash before sample collection to prevent killing bacteria needed for testing.
  • Sample should be sent to the laboratory as soon as possible.

Collecting Stool Samples

• Purpose: Used for tests such as fecal occult blood tests to detect microscopic blood in the stool.
• Volume Requirement: Typically, 1-2 tablespoons of stool.
• Collection Procedure:
  • Avoid contamination with urine; inform patients not to urinate during the process.
  • Provide containers with a scoop for easier collection from infants or patients unable to self-collect.
  • Use a container with a line indicating the required amount of stool.
• Labeling:
  • Always label the sample in front of the patient, on the actual container, not on a lid or stopper.
• Transport: Do not refrigerate, send specimens for immediate testing.

Collecting Semen Samples

• Definition: Semen is the fluid containing sperm, distinct from sperm alone.
• Purpose: Evaluate sperm count, viability, and morphology for fertility testing.
• Collection Instructions:
  • Instruct patients not to use condoms (which may contain spermicides).
  • Collect on-site or send the patient home with a sterile cup for self-collection.
• Time Sensitivity: Must be returned to the laboratory within one hour of collection.
• Analysis: Sperm is examined under a microscope, looking at count and morphology. Normal sperm appear healthy and are motile.

Collecting Throat Swabs

• Purpose: Identify infections like strep throat.
• Collection Procedure:
  • Use a sterile swab kit as per the instructions.
  • Swab both tonsils and any inflamed areas, ensuring thorough coverage.
  • Samples may be immediately tested or sent to a lab for culture.

Collecting Buccal Swabs

• Purpose: Typically for DNA testing.
• Procedures:
  • Swab the inside of the cheeks.
  • Ensure a chain of custody is maintained if for legal purposes.

General Tips for Sample Collection

• Documentation: Always label samples correctly and keep track of their origins.
• Tips for Effective Study:
  • It can be beneficial to take auditory notes alongside visual notes from lectures for later review.
  • Record key times in recordings to refer back to specific points during study sessions.