Fungal Practical

Image	Description
	Fonsecaea Pedrosoi Tropical areas of world Cause Chromoblastomycosis
	Scedosporium spp. “Mycetoma belt” North Africa and Asia Around equator (warm tropics)
	Rhizopus Mucormycosis Hyaline mold Unbranched sporangiophores with rhizoids Recovered from respiratory secretions, skin, nose, brain, stool, wounds, ear, lung Seen in rhinocerebral infection, pulmonary infection, mycotic keratitis
	Aspergillus Fumigatus Hyalohyphomycosis Allergic bronchopulmonary infection, invasive pulmonary infection, skin and nail infections Most commonly recovered spp from immunocompromised pts, common to see in the lab Rapidly growing Septate hyphae, short or long conidiophores with “foot cell” at base 45 degrees C Blue green to greeny gray
	Cladophialophora bantiana Phaeohyphomycosis Melanin pigment in cell wall Can cause serious Brian infection in healthy patient extremely rare (HIS WORDS) Brain abscess Long, poorly branched conidial chains MAX growth temp 42-43C
	Fonsacaea spp. presence of nodular, wart lesions Presence of sclerotic bodies in tissue Not forming hypee From stepping on rock/ Stepping on stick
	Coccidioides spp. Dimorphic mold Coccidioidomycosis Lungs, skin, meninges Rapid growth
	Trichophyton spp. no chaining or branching - only one spore per location
	Acropetal chaining with branches Youngest cell is at the tip of the chain
	Conidia in wet masses
	annelides
	Phialides
	Rhizopus Oryzae Make sporangia in a sporangium instead of conidia have sporrangiophores
	Aspergillus fumigatus Bluish-green with a plate yellow reverse Monoseriate, Phialides columnar, conidia in short chains Grows at 45 C Seen EVERYWHERE
	Aspergillus Flavus (yellow) yellow-green to lime green with a cream reverse conical heads radiate to columnar Stipe walls roughened/ spiky edges Largely biseriate but can be monoseriate
	Aspergillus terreus Cinnamon-brown colonies Cream to deep brown reverse Conidia heads columnar and covering upper half of vesicle Biseriate with verylong chains of conidia Amphotericin B resistant
	Aspergillus niger White mycelia become black with age due to pigmented conidia Colonies are large, microscopic conidial head is also large (viewed on 10X vs 40X) Reverse is pale yellow Conidia heads radiate- black conidia cover entire vesicle Biseriate Common in children ear infections
	Sarocladium spp., (Acremonium) Conidia in wet masses Single-celled Cylindrical Colonies are waxy Pale-orange to brown Will grow in blood culture (one of the only few that will)
	Fusarium spp. Macro and micro conidia Multiseptate, curved like a canoe or a banana Chlamydospores can be present
	Fusarium solani white to cream cottony with a white reverse Long conidiophores that may contain septa
	Fusarium oxysporum Wooly white colonies becoming lavender to purple Pretty pink and purple Reverse is white to dark purple Short conidiophores without septa Microconidia, macroconidia and chlamydospores
	Purpureocillium lilacinum Enteroblastic conidia in basipetal chains Colonies are powdery Cream turning violet with age Conidiophores are tapering phialides - similar to a bowling pin
	Scedosporium Apiospermum will grow at 42C but NOT 45C Colonies cottony to wooly Conidiophores can be long or short, producing oval to globose conidia which become thick-walled and brown after release Long annelids
	Penicillium species green to slate-gray Colonies velvety Will not grow at 30C Rarely cause disease Can have 1-3 rows of phialides
	Scopulariopsis Brevicaulis Pinkish- brown colonies Conidia are rough-walled, pyriform with truncated bases Broom-like
Thermally dimorphic fungi
	Histoplasma Capsulatum mold form Macroscopic and microscopic pretty much exclusively Has tubercules Growth in culture (4-5 weeks) Urinary antigen test, serology, giemsa-stained BAL
	Histoplasma Capsulatum yeast form
	Sepedonium spp. Can look similar to Histoplasma but only has macroconidia, NO microconidia Cream to amber colonies, “wooly”
	Coccidioides immitis Suede-like, gray-white with a tan-brown reverse Grows on cycloheximide Dx: growth in culture, serology Barrel-shaped arthroconidia Disjunctorcells that break apart cells and release spores Lab-acquired infections
	Coccidioides immitis spherules Filled with endospores that can be released upon spherule bursting
	Malbranchea spp Look-alike to Coccidiodes arthroconidia Very tiny when compared to Coccidioides
	Blastomyces dermatitidis mold Short stem with small conidia on end, resemble lollipops Culture waxy to whitish or cream, turning brown with age Dx: culture growth, urinary antigen test, serology, thermal conversion *usually diagnosed by distinct yeast form (has to be grown at 37 degrees C
	Blastomyces dermatitidis yeast form Grows at 37 degrees C on BHI agar
	Talaromyces marneffei Penicillium-like Philades mono- or biverticillate Red pigment that secretes into the media (reverse side) Pt is usually already sick when infection w/ this, does not usually affect healthy person outside of Asia
	Talaromyces marneffei yeast phase Binary fission Yeast on BHI agar at 37 degrees C
	Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Hyphae on short stalks Smooth-walled conidia that resemble lollipops Similar to Blastomyces Large yeast with multiple buds- “mariner’s wheel”
	Sporothrix schenckii mold Colonies are waxy to cottony white to cream, turning dark with age (one of two waxy) “Daisy petal”
	Sporothrix schenckii yeast form Pleomorphic with some cigar-shaped cells when budding “Rose-grower’s disease” due to certain rose treatment products (sphagnomoss) causing this infection Can have similar lymphogenic affects like nocardia
Mucormycetes
	Mucor circinelloides Will not grow above 37 degrees C No rhizoids Colonies initially white but become grayish-brown Branched sporangiophores
	Rhizopus oryzae (arizus) Colonies white, turning gray with age Growth at 40 degrees C but not 45 degrees C Sporangiophores single and unbranched Rhizoids Columella seen when ruptured
	Lichtheimia corymbifer Growths better at 35 degrees C than at 25 (likes higher temps- 48-52) Sporangiophores are branched “Champagne glass” apophysis in second image Rhizoids present
	Cunninghamella bertholletiae Sporangiophores end in a swollen vesicle with one-celled sporangiophores covering surface Colonies white to tannish gray Growth up to 45 degrees C
Dematiaceous/Dark molds (black on the back)
	Exophiala dermatitidis Mold but also known as a “black yeast” Growth at 40-42 degrees C Colony brown, velvety to waxy, often with the brown pigment diffusing into the media Phaeohyphomycosis Chromoblastomycosis Keratitis Long phialides with mic of yeast and conidia growing along
	Cladosporium species Colonies are slow-growing, olive to brown, dark brown reverse Short, highly branched drains of conidia from a poorly differentiated conidiophore “Shield” cells often present after conidia break off Very common environmental mode- it’s everywhere, not pathogenic
	Cladophialophora bantiana Colony wooly to velvety, olivaceous black with black reverse Grows at 40-42 Conidiophores often cannot be distinguished from hyphae Conidia in long, sparsely-branched chains that remain intact, conidia are lemon-shaped
	Fonsecaea pedrosoi Colony grows very slowly, velvety to cottony, oliver to brown-black, black reverse Unique bc it can produce 4 types of conidiogenesis but most isolates display 2-3 types Chromoblastomycosis in south america
Holoblastic dematiaceous fungi with multi celled conidia
	Curvularia spicifera Conidia are ellipsoidal, straight or curved and divided into compartments by distosepta (false septa) Conidia contain 3-6 cells Hilum has slight protrusion Phaeohyphomycosis and eye infections Causes fungal sinusitis
	Curvularia lunata Pear-shaped or curved and divided into compartments Can resemble a croissant - cent cell larger than other cells Conidia contain 4-5 cells
	Curvularia geniculata Geni means knee-like Sympodial conidiogenesis Croissant
	Exserohilum rostratum No dark line between cells- false septa Condia are ellipsoidal, straight or curved and divided into compartments Cells on ends are darker than other cells Conidia contain 7-12 cells Hilum is prominent - fungal meningitis
	Alternaria sp. Common plant pathogen Conidia in unbranched chains, are flat, brown, and have a “beaked” apex Septations may be both transverse and longitudinal Phaeohyphomycosis, fungal sinusitis “Alternating alternaria” big ol’ turkey leg
Dermatophytes	Grow on nonliving outer layer of epidermis: the stratum corneum- skin hair nails
	Epidermophyton floccosum Colonies are velvety to powdery, pale yellow to mustard yellow - colonies highly variable “Beaver tail” Athlete’s foot - use of common shower or gym facilities Macroconidia only
	Microsporum canis Skin hair infection NOT nails Macro- and microconidia - spindle-shaped, often with a slightly bent terminal knob
	Microsporum gypseum Macro and microconidia Not bent at the tip, ends are rounded instead of point when compared to to canis Zoonotic Does not fluoresce under UV light
	Thricophyton rubrum Rubrum- red Club-shaped microconidia Referred to as “birds on a wire” Urease negative V contagious, outbreaks in daycare settings
	Trichophyton mentagrophytes Cylindrical walls with thin, smooth walls 3-8 cells Clusters of conidia Spiral hyphae
	Trichophyton tonsurans Microconidia are variable in morphology, can be club-shaped, cylindrical, balloon-shaped Abundant chlamydospores Fairy lights
	Trichophyton agars (T-media) 7 T-medias, T1 and T4 most commonly used Contains vitamin-free casamino acids + individual supplements MALDI-TOF more commonly used now