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Sensory Receptors:

• Definition: Specialized cells that detect environmental stimuli and transmit signals to sensory nerves.

Sensation:

• Definition: The process of detecting stimuli through sensory receptors.

Perception:

• Definition: The brain's interpretation of sensory information.

Sensory Adaptation:

• Definition: The reduction in responsiveness of sensory receptors to a constant stimulus.

Photoreceptors:

• Definition: Sensory receptors that respond to light; found in the eyes.

Chemoreceptors:

• Definition: Sensory receptors that respond to chemical stimuli; involved in taste and smell.

Mechanoreceptors:

• Definition: Sensory receptors that respond to mechanical stimuli, such as touch, pressure, and vibration.

Thermoreceptors:

• Definition: Sensory receptors that respond to changes in temperature.

Sclera:

• Definition: The tough, white outer layer of the eye.

Cornea:

• Definition: The transparent front part of the eye that covers the iris and pupil.

Choroid:

• Definition: The vascular layer between the sclera and retina that nourishes the eye.

Iris:

• Definition: The colored part of the eye that regulates the size of the pupil.

Pupil:

• Definition: The black opening in the center of the iris that allows light to enter the eye.

Adaptation:

• Definition: Adjustment of the eye to different light conditions.

Retina:

• Definition: The innermost layer of the eye containing photoreceptors.

Rods:

• Definition: Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for low-light vision.

Cones:

• Definition: Photoreceptor cells in the retina responsible for color vision and detailed visual perception.

Optic Nerve:

• Definition: The bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from the retina to the brain.

Aqueous Humor:

• Definition: The clear fluid between the cornea and lens that helps maintain the eye's shape.

Glaucoma:

• Definition: Increased pressure within the eye that can lead to optic nerve damage.

Vitreous Humor:

• Definition: The gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and retina, maintaining eye shape.

Lens:

• Definition: The transparent structure in the eye that focuses light onto the retina.

Accommodation:

• Definition: The ability of the eye to adjust its focus for different distances.

Cataracts:

• Definition: Clouding of the lens, leading to decreased vision.

Astigmatism:

• Definition: Irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, causing distorted vision.