Be sure to know Social Class ppt. 2.

Social Stratification; This means that members

of a given society are categorized and divided into groups, which are then placed into social

hierarchy.

Social Inequality; the distance between the classes/groups of society

• Systems of Stratification

Slavery; extreme form of inequality where certain people are owned as property by others

Caste; Closed system in which social status is given life, e.g. India and South Africa

Estates; feudal estates were strata with differing rights and obligations towards each other. Localized in Europe

Class; large-scale groupings that share common economic resources; these in turn shape their possible lifestyles.

• Social Classes in the United States

Upper-class. Upper-middle class, middle class, lower middle class, poor working class

• Theories of Social Class

Conflict theory - KArl MArx

Two main social classes:

• Capitalists/bourgeoisie

• Own the means of production

• Workers/proletariat

• Sell labor for wages

• Exploitation > over time

Weberian theory ( weber max)

Class status made of three components

wealth (prestige), power, privilege, celebrities

Structural functionalism;

A system of stratification is a functional society.

Certain roles in society are more important for functioning

Greater rewards are necessary for work that requires more training or skill

• SES & Life Chances

• Social Mobility

Movement of individuals or groups within the hierarchy; system of social classes

Closed system; little opportunity to change classes

Open system; ample opportunities to change classes

Social Mobility - Generational

• Intergenerational mobility

• Movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next

• Intragenerational mobility

• Movement between social classes that occurs over the course of an individual's lifetime

Social reproduction

The tendency for social-class status to be passed down from one generation to the next

• Poverty

Absolute deprivation

• Inability to meet minimal standards for food, shelter, clothing, or healthcare

Relative deprivation

People are considered poor if their standard of living is less than that of other members of society.

• Other stuff:

• Global Perspectives . . .

• In Relationships . . .

• On the Job . . .

• In the Future . . .

Be sure to know ppt. 1.

1.What is a Group? A collection of people who share interests, identify with one another, and interact frequently in some way.

Aggregate; share a physical location; have no lasting social relations; crowd or class

• Separate from Groups;

Primary groups; have more face-to-face interaction, greater cooperation, and deeper feelings of belonging.

Secondary groups; larger, less personal groups organized around a specific activity/task

Consequential stranger; an in-between group (important to us but doesn't matter as much) ex; barista

• Group Dynamics;

In-group; group that a person identifies with and feels loyalty toward.

Out-group; group that a person feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward.

• Social Influence; group impact on others’ decisions

Compliance; going along to get along

Identification; identify and think it's the right thing to do (belief)

Internalization; belief

Power; the ability to control others’ action

Coercive power, backed by threat by force

Influential power, supported by persuasion

• Working Together;

SOCIAL LOAFING is the phenomenon in which each individual contributes a little less as more individuals are added

to a task; a source of inefficiency when working in teams

SOCIAL IDENTITY theory is a theory of group formation and maintenance that stresses the need of individual members to

feel a sense of belonging

• Bureaucracy;

BUREAUCRACY

a type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization,

technical competence, hierarchy, written rules, impersonality, and formal written

communication

RATIONALIZATION

the application of economic logic to human activity; the use of formal rules and regulations in

order to maximize efficiency without consideration of subjective or individual concerns

MCDONALDIZATION (made by Weber)

George Ritzer’s term describes the spread of bureaucratic rationalization and the

accompanying increases in efficiency and dehumanization

Race and Ethnicity Notes

Defining Race ; social construction. Based on real or perceived biological differences

Ethnicity; social construction. based on common language religion nationality history or another cultural factor

U.S. Pop. by Race; White, Hispanic, Black , ASian

Racism in Its Many Forms; ideology!

Set of beliefs about the superiority of one racial

or ethnic group

Used to justify inequality

Invisible to whites

• Theoretical Approaches

Functionalism

• Race creates social ties and strengthens group bonds

Conflict theory

• Struggle for power and control over scarce resources

Symbolic Interactionism

• Race, class, and gender intersect to produce an individual's identity

• Intergroup Relations

GENOCIDE

the deliberate and systematic extermination of a racial, ethnic, national, or cultural group

POPULATION TRANSFER

the forcible removal of a group of people from the territory they have occupied

SETTLER COLONIALISM

the economic and political subjugation of the minority group by the dominant group within a

nation

SEGREGATION

the physical and legal separation of groups by race or ethnicity

ASSIMILATION

a pattern of relations between ethnic or racial groups in which the minority group is absorbed into the mainstream or dominant group, making society more homogeneous

PLURALISM

a cultural pattern of intergroup relations that encourages racial and ethnic variation and

acceptance within a society