Knowledge Organiser - Cycle Test 3 - EndOfTopic1

Topic 1 - Forces and Motion

SUVAT and Calculating Gradient

• Relationship Formula: (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

  • v² = u² + 2as

• Remember how to calculate Acceleration.

F = ma and Terminal Velocity

• Friction opposes motion (1.16)

• Relationship between unbalanced force, mass, and acceleration: F = m × a

• Forces acting on falling objects & terminal velocity explanation (1.21, 1.22)

Stopping Distance

• Total stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance (1.19)

• Factors affecting stopping distance: speed, mass, road condition, reaction time (1.20)

Momentum

• Momentum Formula: p = m × v

• Conservation of momentum, mass, velocity calculations (1.27, 1.28)

• Change in momentum: F = change in momentum / time taken (1.29)

Topic 2 - Electricity

Mains Electricity

• Units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s), volt (V), watt (W) (2.1)

• Protection mechanisms: insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses, circuit breakers (2.2)

• Voltage definition: energy transferred per unit charge (2.20)

Resistance

• Effect of current in a resistor produces electrical energy transfer and temperature increase (2.3)

• Relationship: voltage = current × resistance, or V = I × R (2.13)

Calculating Power

• Power formula: P = I × V and applying for fuse selection (2.4, 2.14)

SUVAT Equations

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

• Crucial relationship: v² = u² + 2as

• Each variable and unit explained (initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, etc.)

• Uniform acceleration: constant acceleration in a straight line during part of a track

Key Concepts and Calculations

• Understanding the importance of rearranging equations for exams

• Demonstration example of uniform acceleration calculation

• F = ma and concepts of terminal velocity in detail with air resistance considerations

Stopping Distance

Components of Stopping Distance

• Total distance during emergency stop = thinking distance + braking distance

• Thinking distance influenced by speed and reaction time (average reaction time = 0.25 s)

• Important factors: driver distractions, tiredness, intoxication

Momentum

Momentum Calculations and Conservation

• Momentum defined as p = mv, explained with velocity and direct effects on movement

• Worked examples showing momentum calculations before and after collisions

• Conservation principles illustrated with examples diversifying collisions and explosions

Worked Examples

Collision Outcomes

• Conservation of momentum principles illustrated through worked examples, demonstrating before and after calculations of momentum involving real-world scenarios.