C

Knowledge Organiser - Cycle Test 3 - EndOfTopic1

Topic 1 - Forces and Motion

SUVAT and Calculating Gradient

  • Relationship Formula: (final speed)² = (initial speed)² + (2 × acceleration × distance moved)

    • v² = u² + 2as

  • Remember how to calculate Acceleration.

F = ma and Terminal Velocity

  • Friction opposes motion (1.16)

  • Relationship between unbalanced force, mass, and acceleration: F = m × a

  • Forces acting on falling objects & terminal velocity explanation (1.21, 1.22)

Stopping Distance

  • Total stopping distance = thinking distance + braking distance (1.19)

  • Factors affecting stopping distance: speed, mass, road condition, reaction time (1.20)

Momentum

  • Momentum Formula: p = m × v

  • Conservation of momentum, mass, velocity calculations (1.27, 1.28)

  • Change in momentum: F = change in momentum / time taken (1.29)

Topic 2 - Electricity

Mains Electricity

  • Units: ampere (A), coulomb (C), joule (J), ohm (Ω), second (s), volt (V), watt (W) (2.1)

  • Protection mechanisms: insulation, double insulation, earthing, fuses, circuit breakers (2.2)

  • Voltage definition: energy transferred per unit charge (2.20)

Resistance

  • Effect of current in a resistor produces electrical energy transfer and temperature increase (2.3)

  • Relationship: voltage = current × resistance, or V = I × R (2.13)

Calculating Power

  • Power formula: P = I × V and applying for fuse selection (2.4, 2.14)

SUVAT Equations

Uniformly Accelerated Motion

  • Crucial relationship: v² = u² + 2as

  • Each variable and unit explained (initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration, etc.)

  • Uniform acceleration: constant acceleration in a straight line during part of a track

Key Concepts and Calculations

  • Understanding the importance of rearranging equations for exams

  • Demonstration example of uniform acceleration calculation

  • F = ma and concepts of terminal velocity in detail with air resistance considerations

Stopping Distance

Components of Stopping Distance

  • Total distance during emergency stop = thinking distance + braking distance

  • Thinking distance influenced by speed and reaction time (average reaction time = 0.25 s)

  • Important factors: driver distractions, tiredness, intoxication

Momentum

Momentum Calculations and Conservation

  • Momentum defined as p = mv, explained with velocity and direct effects on movement

  • Worked examples showing momentum calculations before and after collisions

  • Conservation principles illustrated with examples diversifying collisions and explosions

Worked Examples

Collision Outcomes

  • Conservation of momentum principles illustrated through worked examples, demonstrating before and after calculations of momentum involving real-world scenarios.