Science PeTa 2.1

Procedure 1.A (Capsule)

I. Small Concepts

Airbags are helpful in car crashes because they help reduce the impact force on the occupants. When a car suddenly stops due to a collision, the occupants continue moving forward at the same speed. The airbag rapidly inflates and cushions the impact, extending the time it takes for the occupants to come to a stop. This increases the time over which the change in momentum occurs, reducing the force exerted on the occupants. As a result, airbags help prevent or minimize injuries by reducing the impulse experienced during a car crash.

There are several factors that can help prevent an egg from falling:

1. Cushioning material: Placing the egg in a soft material, such as foam or bubble wrap, can absorb shock and prevent it from breaking upon impact.

2. Protective container: Using a sturdy container, such as a box or a plastic case, can provide an extra layer of protection for the egg.

3. Handling with care: Being gentle while handling the egg can minimize the chances of dropping or mishandling it.

4. Controlled descent: Lowering the egg slowly and steadily, rather than dropping it abruptly, can reduce the impact force and increase the chances of it surviving the fall.

5. Parachute or padding: Attaching a parachute or padding to the egg can help slow down its descent and cushion the impact.

II. Capsule making

a. Materials

• One paper cup

• Ten straws

• Scotch tape

b. Design_/s

c. Explanation/procedure (Main concept)

• Design 1

  • Prepare one paper cup and make eight holes that are across each other (4 holes at the bottom and another at the top)

  • Insert two staws that intersect each other in the bottom hole

  • Tape the middle part where the staws intersect

  • Insert the egg above the staws

  • Insert another two straws in the top hole and make an intersection

    The straws in the bottom part serves as a cushion for the egg and as for the top part, it prevents the egg from leaving the cup.

• Design 2

  • Prepare one paper cup and make four holes that are across each other (4 holes at the bottom)

  • Insert two straws that intersect each other in the bottom hole

  • Tape the middle part where the staws intersect.

  • Cut open six straws.

  • Insert three straws inside the cup and tape it to the side

  • Tape another three straws outside the cup

  • Insert the egg

    Just like the 1st design, the straws inside serve as a protection to the egg. The straws outside serves as a foundation for the capsule.

Procedure 1. B (Experiment/Data Gathering)

1. Using the triple beam balance, get the mass of the following:

   • Capsule 1 (g&kg)

   • Capsule 2 (g&kg)

   • Egg (g&kg)

   • Capsule and Egg (Kg)

     1 kg = 1000 g

2. Experiment

   • 1st

     • Ready capsule 1 with egg

       Height is 2m

       2 trials

       Use stopwatch for time

       get final height

     • Ready capsule 1 with egg (again)

       Height is 4m

       2 trials

       Use stopwatch for time

       get final height

   • 2nd

     • Ready capsule 2 with egg

       Height is 2m

       2 trials

       Use stopwatch for time

       get final height

     • Ready capsule 2 with egg (again)

       Height is 2m

       2 trials

       Use stopwatch for time

       get final height

   Replace the egg immediately if broken
   

   Note: The data will be encoded for Tables 1,2 and 3

3. Table 3

   • Get initial velocity

   • Solve for final velocity

     • Equation: mgh=1/2mv²

       • m represents the mass of the object.

       • g is the acceleration due to gravity.

       • ℎ denotes the height from which the object falls

   • Encode final velocity

4. Table 4

   • Get the initial velocity

   • Solve the Initial Momentum

   • Get the final velocity

   • Solve the final Momentum

5. Table 5

   • Get the average for all trials

     • Equation: t1+t2 / 2

   • Encode the previous Initial and Final Momentum

   • Solve for Impulse

     • Equation: I= Pf-Pi

       I = Final momentum - Initial momentum

   • Solve for Expected Force (N)

     • Equation: F=impulse/∆t

       Force is equal to impulse divided by the change in time

       or F = Impulse/t2-t1

       III. Data Gathering 1. C (Explanation ni sir)

     • Table 1

       • The grams in the table are the ones measured with the triple-beam balance

       • Add the mass of the capsule and egg in kg

     • Table 2

       • Input the time trials

       • Write observations in bullet form

       • Write the trial then Y or N

     • Table 3

       • Rewrite the mass of the system

       • Final height = 0 m

       • Initial velocity is 0

       • v² = final velocity

       • g = -9.8

       • The final velocity is in the negative value

       • 

     • Table 4

       • Rewrite the mass of the capsule and egg

       • Initial momentum is zero

       • The final momentum is negative also

       • Momentum at different heights (Graph)

         • Final momentum at different heights

         • The graph is in quadrant 4

     • Table 5

       • Rewrite the average time

       • Impulse is in the opposite value of the momentum (Impules is positive)

       •