Latin Entire Vocab Review (Pre Aeneid/De Bello Gallico)

Extra: (in) memōriā tenēre/habēre remember, keep in mind

superō, superāre, superāvī, superātus overcome, defeat
volō, volāre, volāvī, volātus rush, move quickly, fly
moneō, monēre, monuī, monitus warn
timeō, timēre, timuī, --- fear, be afraid of
annus, annī m. year
dōnum, dōnī n. gift
equus, equī m. horse
porta, portae f. gate
somnus, somnī m. sleep (pl. dream)
lātus, lāta, lātum broad, wide
ōlim (adv.) once, at one time, someday
post (adv.) afterward, behind; (prep + acc.) behind, after
saepe (adv.) often
per (prep. + acc.) through; (in oaths) by
-que (conj.) and

caelum, caelī n. sky, heaven
campus, campī m. plain, meadow
fortūna, fortūnae f. fortune, luck
rēgnum, rēgnī n. kingdom; kingship
convocō, convocāre, convocāvī, convocātus call together, assemble
dēbeō, dēbēre, debuī, debitus owe; ought, must (+ inf.)
exspectō, exspectāre, exspectāvī, exspectātus await, expect
ante (adv.) before, earlier; (prep. + acc.) before, in front of
cūr (adv.) why?
iam (adv.) now, already

interim (adv.) meanwhile
nunc (adv.) now, at this time
tum/tunc (adv.) then, at that time
trāns (prep + acc.) across
Extra: nōn iam no longer

īnsula, īnsulae f. island
lingua, linguae f. tongue, language
umbra, umbrae f. shadow, ghost
parvus, parva, parvum little, small
dō, dare, dedī, datus give
stō, stāre, stetī, stātus stand, stand still
doceō, docēre, docuī, doctus teach
crās (adv.) tomorrow
herī (adv.) yesterday
hodiē (adv.) today
ibi (adv.) there, in that place
modo (adv.) only, just; just now

nūntiō, nūntiāre, nuntiāvī, nuntiātus announce, report
pugnō, pugnāre, pugnāvī, pugnātus fight (with _____: cum + abl.)
amīcitia, amīcitiae f. friendship
āra, ārae f. altar
dominus, dominī m. master, lord (e.g., of slaves)
frūmentum, frūmentī n. grain
inopia, inopiae f. lack, need
locus, locī m. (in pl. loca, locōrum n. pl.) place
magister, magistrī m. master, teacher, captain
populus, populī m. nation, people
socius, sociī m. ally, comrade
sacer, sacra, sacrum sacred; accursed
diū adv. for a long time, long
Subordinating Conjunctions
sī if
nisi unless, if...not
quod because
ut as
Coordinating Conjunctions
atque / ac: and, and also (more emphatic than ‘et’)
at: but, yet (more emphatic than ‘sed’)
autem: however, but, on the other hand
enim: for (explanatory, as in “He drank deeply, for he was thirsty.”)
nam: for (also explanatory)

neque / nec: nor; and not
neque...neque / nec...nec: neither ... nor
aut...aut either...or
vel...vel either...or
et...et both...and

amor, amōris m. love
decus, decoris n. honor, glory; ornament
flamma, flammae f. flame
frāter, frātris m. brother
māter, mātris f. mother
mūnus, mūneris n. duty; gift; funeral; gladiator show
nepōs, nepōtis m. or f. grandson/-daughter
nūmen, nūminis n. divine will; divinity
pater, patris m. father
pectus, pectoris n. chest; heart
soror, sorōris f. sister
cārus, cāra, cārum dear, precious; costly
fīnitimus, fīnitima, fīnitimum adjacent, neighboring (on a map)
idōneus, idōnea, idōneum suitable, appropriate
nōtus, nōta, nōtum known, well-known
propinquus, propinqua, propinquum near, close (immediate spatial or familial nearness)
vīcīnus, vīcīna, vīcīnum near, neighboring (in a neighborhood, e.g.)

cupīdō, cupīdinis f. longing, desire
cūra, cūrae f. care, attention; anxiety
grātia, grātiae f. charm, grace; gratitude
imperium, imperiī n. command, order; power
iter, itineris n. journey; route, way
laus, laudis f. praise, fame, glory
lux, lūcis f. light, daylight
memoria, memoriae f. memory
nōmen, nōminis n. name
timor, timōris m. fear
virtūs, virtūtis f. manliness, worth, courage
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussum order, command (acc + inf.)
Extra: prīmā lūce at dawn (lit. ‘at first light’)

amnis, amnis m. river
arx, arcis f. stronghold, fortress
hostis, hostis m. enemy
ignis, ignis m. fire
mare, maris n. sea
mors, mortis f. death
nāvis, nāvis f. ship
parēns, parentis m. or f. parent
pars, partis f. part, share, portion
urbs, urbis f. city
vīs, vīs f. force, violence; (in pl.: virēs, -ium) strength
ācer, ācris, ācre sharp, fierce, harsh
celer, celeris, celere swift, fast
ingēns, ingentis huge, vast
memor, memoris remembering, mindful (of)
omnis, omne all; every
par, paris equal
similis, simile similar, alike

cōpia, cōpiae f. supply, abundance; opportunity
fāma, fāmae f. rumor, report; reputation
īra, īrae f. anger, rage, wrath
tēlum, tēlī n. weapon, spear
laetus, laeta, laetum happy, joyful
novus, nova, novum new, unexpected; strange
parātus, parāta, parātum prepared, ready
clāmō, clāmāre, clāmāvī, clāmātus shout
dēmōnstrō, dēmōnstrāre, dēmōnstrāvī, dēmōnstrātus point out, show
labōrō, labōrāre, labōrāvī, labōrātus work, toil; suffer
līberō, līberāre, līberāvī, līberātus set free, liberate
servō, servāre, servāvī, servātus save, keep safe
rūrsus adv. back; again
semper adv. always

anima, animae f. life, soul, spirit, life
animus, animī m. mind, soul, intellect, character
aqua, aquae f. water
cōnsilium, cōnsiliī n. plan; advice
captīvus, captīva, captīvum captive, imprisoned
foedus, foeda, foedum foul, horrible, filthy
grātus, grāta, grātum pleasing; grateful

vērus, vēra, vērum true, real
cōnfirmō, cōnfirmāre, cōnfirmāvī, cōnfirmātus strengthen, develop (e.g., mind); establish
iuvō, iuvāre, iūvī, iūtus help, assist; be pleasing to, gratify
taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitum be quiet, remain silent
circum (adv. or prep. + acc) around
inter (prep + acc.) among, between
prope (adv. or prep + acc.) near, nearby
mox adv. soon

dolor, dolōris m. pain, grief
dux, ducis m. leader, general
gaudium, gaudiī n. joy
homō, hominis m. or f. person, human
rēx, rēgis m. king
cēdō, cēdere, cessī, cessus move; yield (to + dat.)
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus say
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductus lead
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus send
āmittō, āmittere, āmīsī, āmissus lose; send away
petō, petere, petīvī, petītus seek, head for; attack
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus put, place
regō, regere, rēxī, rēctus rule, manage

altitūdō, altitūdinis f. height, depth
forma, formae f. shape, form; beauty
lātitūdō, lātitūdinis f. width, breadth
longitūdō, longitūdinis f. length
mons, montis m. (i-stem) hill, mountain
nēmō, nēminis m. (no pl.) no one, nobody
fortis, forte brave, strong
avis, avis f. (i-stem) bird
fātum, fātī n. fate, destiny
pecūnia, pecūniae f. money
pēs, pedis m. foot
saeculum, saeculī n. century, generation, age
aureus, -a, -um golden, made of gold
secundus, -a, -um second, following; favorable
emō, emere, ēmī, emptus buy
vendō, vendere, vendidī, venditus sell
addō, addere, addidī, additus add

condō, condere, condidī, conditus build, found, establish
prōdō, prōdere, prōdidī, prōditus bring out, reveal; betray

arma, armōrum n. pl. weapons, armor
castra, castrōrum n. pl. camp (translate as singular)
tempus, temporis n. time
clārus, clāra, clārum clear, bright; famous
iuvenis, iuvenis young; (as noun) young man
mīrus, mīra, mīrum amazing, wonderful
talis, tale such, of such a kind
tantus, tanta, tantum so great, so large
tot adv. so many
ergō adv. therefore, then
iterum adv. again
totiens adv. so many times, so often

cīvis, cīvis m./f. citizen (i-stem)
fors, fortis f. chance, luck
hōra, hōrae f. hour
lītus, lītoris n. seashore, coast
nātūra, -ae f. nature; character
nox, noctis f. night (i-stem)
sanguis, sanguinis m. blood
cēterī, cēterae, cētera the other, the rest (of)
fēlix, fēlicis lucky, successful, happy
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitus flee, escape (acc.)
inquam say (defective, only in 1st-3rd person singular and 3rd plural present)
malō, malle, maluī prefer
nolō, nolle, noluī not want
possum, posse, potuī be able, can
volō, velle, voluī wish, want
quīdem (adv.) in fact
nē...quīdem not even
forte = by chance

aedēs aedis f. room; temple, shrine; house (i-stem)
aetās, aetātis f. age, lifetime
caput, capitis n. head
imāgō, imāginis f. image, likeness; statue
mēns, mentis f. mind, intellect; reason
modus, modī m. measure, manner, way; kind
corpus, corporis n. body
ōs, ōris n. mouth, face
virgō, virginis f. unmarried girl, maiden
gravis, grave heavy, serious
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus be away, be distant
ardeō, ardēre, ārsī, ārsus burn, be on fire (intrans.)
colō, colere, coluī, cultus tend to, maintain, cultivate; cherish, worship
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus choose, collect; read
relinquō, relinquere, relīquī, relīctus leave behind, abandon
trādō, trādere, trādidī, trāditus hand over, hand down; report

coniunx, coniugis m. or f. spouse, wife, husband
flūmen, flūminis n. stream, river
oculus, oculī m. eye
sōl, sōlis m. sun
studium, studiī n. eagerness, enthusiasm; study; hobby
aeternus, aeterna, aeternus eternal, everlasting
plēnus, plēna, plēnus full (of + gen./abl.)
dīligō, dīligere, dīlēxī, dīlēctus prize, love, feel affection for
vertō, vertere, vertī, versus turn
vīvus, vīva, vīvum alive, living
iaciō, iacere, iēcī, iactus throw
vincō, vincere, vīcī, victus conquer, defeat; win
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctus live, be alive
deinde (adv.) then, next
igitur (adv.) therefore
apud at, by, among, at the house of (+ acc.)

hospes, hospitis m. or f. stranger; guest
moenia, moenium n. pl. walls, fortifications (i-stem)
sēdēs, sēdis f. seat; home, residence (i-stem)

signum, signī n. sign, signal; military standard
vestis, vestis f. garment, clothing (i-stem)
aliquis, aliquid (indef. pron./adj.) someone, something; some _______ (as adj.)
posterus, postera, posterum following, coming after; (as noun) descendants
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam (indef. pron/adj.) a certain _________
claudō, claudere, clausī, clausus shut, close
currō, currere, cucurrī, cursus run
expōnō, expōnere, exposuī, expositus put out, expose; explain
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessus sit
circā (prep. + acc.) around; (adv.) around, approximately
quandō (adv.) when?
etiam (adv.) still, also, even
quoque (adv.) also, too
tamen (adv.) nevertheless, still
Extra: cōniciō, cōnicere, cōniēcī, coniectus hurl, yeet
cor, cordis n. heart
cornū, cornūs n. horn; wing (of an army)
cursus, cursūs m. running, charge; course
domus, domūs f. home
exercitus, exercitūs m. army
impedīmentum, impedīmentī n. hindrance; baggage
manus, manūs f. hand; band of men
mīlia, mīlium n. pl. thousands
passus, passūs m. pace
salūs, salūtis f. health, welfare, safety
senātus, senātūs m. senate
ūsus, ūsūs m. use, usefulness; habit, practice
rogō, rogāre, rogāvī, rogātus ask, ask for
Extra: mīlle passūs/duo mīlia passuum a mile/two miles
domī at home

diēs, dieī m. day
faciēs, facieī f. face, appearance
fidēs, fideī f. faith, trust, belief
humus, humī f. ground, earth, soil
rēs, reī f. thing, matter, affair, circumstance
rūs, rūris n. countryside
speciēs, specieī f. outward appearance, shape, form
spēs, speī f. hope, expectation
publicus, publica, publicum public, pertaining or belonging to the populus

rūsticus, rūstica, rūsticum of or pertaining to the country; (in some contexts)
unsophisticated
Extra: rēs publica republic, commonwealth
rēs novae revolution, political change
rēs secundae favorable circumstances, prosperity
ob eam rem for that reason

metus, metūs m. fear, dread
adsum, adesse, adfuī, adfutūrus be present
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, collātum bring together; discuss
eō, īre, iī/īvī, itum go
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātum bring, bear, carry; report
impōnō, impōnere, imposuī, impositus put (acc) on (dat), impose
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, illātus bring (acc) upon/against (dat), inflict
ostendō, ostendere, ostendī, ostentus show, display
pereō, perīre, periī (-īvī), peritus perish, be lost
praestō, praestāre, praestitī, praestitus excel, outdo (+ dat); display, show
prōmittō, prōmittere, prōmīsī, prōmissus send forth; promise (to + dat.)
redeō, redīre, rediī (-īvī), reditus go/come back, return
referō, referre, rettulī, relātus bring back, report
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus lift up, remove; steal; destroy
Extra: bellum īnferre to wage war (on dat.)
sē cōnferre to take oneself; go
grātiam referre to show gratitude (to + dat.)

coepī, coepisse, coeptum (defective vb.) began
cōnstituō, cōnstituere, cōnstituī, cōnstitutus set up, establish; decide
cupiō, cupere, cupīvī, cupītus want, desire
dēbeō, dēbēre, dēbuī, dēbitus owe, be obligated; ought, must (+ inf.) [repeat from Lesson 8]
dēsinō, dēsinere, dēsiī, dēsitus stop, cease (+ inf.)
optō, optāre, optāvī, optātus choose, select; wish
properō, properāre, properāvī, properātus hurry, be quick
temptō, temptāre, temptāvī, temptātus test, try
mīlēs, mīlitis m. soldier
plebs, plēbis f. the common people, the multitude
proelium, proeliī n. battle
numquam adv. never
umquam adv. ever

crēdō, crēdere, crēdidī, crēditus believe (+ dat.); entrust (acc.) to (dat.)
noceō, nocēre, nocuī, nocitus harm (+ dat.)
parcō, parcere, pepercī, pārsus spare (+ dat.)
placeō, placēre, placuī, placitus please (+ dat.)

volō, velle, voluī wish to, want to (+ inf.)
malō, malle, maluī prefer to (+ inf.)
nōlō, nolle, nōluī not wish to, not want to (+ inf.)
possum, posse, potuī be able to (+ inf.)
Impersonal verbs/expressions
decet, decēre, decuit it is fitting (for + dat)
libet, libēre, libuit it pleases (+ dat.), it is pleasing to (+ dat.)
licet, licēre, licuit it is permitted, it is lawful (for + dat.)
necesse est it is necessary (for + dat.)

causa, causae f. motive, reason, cause; blame
marītus, marītī m. husband
arbitror, arbitrārī, arbitrātus sum judge, decide, consider
ēgredior, ēgredī, ēgressus sum go out, leave
hortor, hortārī, hortātus sum encourage, urge
ingredior, ingredī, ingressus sum go in, enter; begin
loquor, loquī, locūtus sum say, talk about; speak
morior, morī, mortuus sum die
nascor, nascī, nātus sum be born
patior, patī, passus sum suffer, endure; experience; allow
sequor, sequī, secūtus sum follow, accompany; pursue
ūtor, ūtī, ūsus sum use, make use of (+ abl.)
haud adv. not at all, by no means
procul adv. at a distance, far off
vix adv. scarcely, hardly, with difficulty

glōria, glōriae f. glory, fame; pride
numerus, numerī m. number, group
opus, operis n. work, product (of work), accomplishment
turba, turbae f. turmoil, disorder; crowd
ventus, ventī m. wind
aequus, aequa, aequum equal, fair
princeps, principis first, foremost; (as m. noun) leader, emperor; founder
varius, varia, varium of different color, varied; conflicting, changing
cernō, cernere, crēvī, crētus distinguish, perceive
cessō, cessāre, cessāvī, cessātus cease, stop; hesitate
doleō, dolēre , doluī, dolitus suffer pain; cause pain (+ dat.); lament
dubitō, dubitāre, dubitāvī, dubitātus doubt, hesitate
iūrō, iurāre, iūrāvī, iūrātus swear
negō, negāre, negāvī, negātus deny, refuse; say...not

membrum, membrī n. body part, limb
minister, ministrī m. servant, attendant
prōlēs, prōlis f. offspring
sermō, sermōnis m. talk, conversation
voluptās, voluptātis f. pleasure
agō, agere, ēgī, actus do, act, drive, conduct, manage
alō, alere, aluī, alitus feed, nourish, support
flectō, flectere, flexī, flexus bend, turn (transitive)
fleō, flēre, flēvī, flētus weep, weep for (acc.)
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus strike, smack, push; defeat
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītus seek, search for, ask for
reddō, reddere, redidī, redditus give back, render
Extra:
grātiās agere to give thanks
vītam agere to live (one’s) life

cīvitās, cīvitātis f. state, body of citizens, community
clāmor, clāmōris m. shout, cry
fīnis, fīnis m. or f. boundary, border, end
iniūria, iniūriae f. wrong, injury
littera, litterae f. letter (i.e. of the alphabet); (pl.) document, epistle
officium, officiī n. duty
ops, opis f. power; (in pl.) wealth, resources
humānus, -a, -um human, humane
aiō, ---, ---, --- state; say yes, affirm (usu. just pres. and impf.)
contemnō, contemnere, contempsī, contemptus despise, feel contempt for
persequor, persequī, persecūtus sum follow, pursue, persecute
consequor, consequī, consecūtus sum follow, seek after
trahō, trahere, trāxī, tractus drag, draw
ferē adv. nearly, almost; generally, usually

comes, comitis m. or f. companion, comrade
fās n. what is right/permitted by the gods (nefās - impiety, wickedness)
mora, morae f. delay
pudor, pudōris m. modesty, (sense of) shame, decency
vitium, vitiī n. fault, flaw; crime
improbus, improba, improbum bad, shameless, rude
mortuus, mortua, mortuum dead
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsus fall; die
caedō, caedere, cecīdī, caesus cut down, slay
canō, canere, cecinī, cantus sing; play (a musical instrument)
rapiō, rapere, rapuī, raptus snatch, steal
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus take, take on; put on (clothing)

coma, comae f. hair (of the head); mane, fleece, foliage (of a tree)
mōs, mōris m. custom, practice; way of living
pāx, pācis f. peace; treaty
scelus, sceleris n. crime, wickedness
spatium, spatiī n. space; distance; period
tergum, tergī n. back (anat.)
victōria, victōriae f. victory
brevis, breve short, brief
īnsignis, īnsigne distinguished, remarkable
augeō, augēre, auxī, auctus increase, cause to grow (transitive verb)
dēfendō, dēfendere, dēfendī, dēfēnsus defend
dēserō, dēserere, dēseruī, dēsertus abandon, desert
Extra: mōs maiōrum way of the ancestors (unwritten Roman social norms)

custōs, custōdis m. or f. guard, guardian, watchman
rīpa, rīpae f. river bank
saxum, saxī n. rock
vultus, vultūs m. face, expression, countenance
mortālis, mortāle mortal
vacuus, vacua, vacuum empty, free/empty of (+ gen. or abl.)
vagus, vaga, vagum wandering, roving
crēscō, crēscere, crēvī, crētus grow, rise; thrive, multiply
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsus deceive, fool, bamboozle
pateō, patēre, patuī, ---- be open, lie open, be obvious or well-known
sternō, sternere, strāvī, strātus spread out, lay down (transitive), scatter
tegō tegere, texī, tectus cover, protect (as with a roof)

cohors, cohortis f. (i-stem) cohort, band (of troops)
ferrum, ferrī n. iron, steel; sword, dagger
poena, poenae f. punishment, penalty
pondus, ponderis n. weight, burden
templum, templī n. sacred precinct, sanctuary

dubius, dubia, dubium doubtful, uncertain
levis, leve light; trivial
tūtus, tūta, tūtum safe
fundō, fundere, fūdī, fūsus pour; scatter, rout
impleō, implēre, implēvī, implētus fill up, fill in
pendō, pendere, pependī, pēnsus weigh, weigh out; pay
sūmō, sūmere, sumpsī, sumptus take up; put on, wear; begin
Extra: poenam dare to be punished
poenam sūmere to punish (though supplicium is used more often for this meaning)

crīmen, crīminis n. accusation; guilt, crime
ratiō, ratiōnis f. accounting, reasoning
vātēs, vātis m. or f. soothsayer, prophet; bard
vinculum, vinculī n. chain, bond
cingō, cingere, cinxī, cinctus surround, encircle; gird
creō, creāre, creāvī, creātus create; elect
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus bear, wear; carry on
lābor, lābī, lapsus sum slip, fall, glide; perish, go wrong
orior, orīrī, ortus sum rise, arise
ornō, ornāre, ornāvī, ornātus equip, adorn
persuadeō, persuadēre, persuāsī, persuāsus persuade (+ dat. and object clause)
quiēscō, quiēscere, quiēvī, quiētus rest, be quiet
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtus loosen, untie, release
Extra: bellum gerere wage war
rēs gestae accomplishments
sē gerere conduct oneself
arbor, arboris f. tree
eques, equitis m. horseman; (pl.) cavalry
ordō, ordinis m. order, row, rank, class
paulum n. (defective: only nom., acc., and abl. sg.) a little
pugna, -ae f. fight
sinus, sinūs m. bend, fold; bay, gulf
sors, sortis f. (i-stem) lot
certō, certāre, certāvī, certātus contend, struggle, vie
lūdō, lūdere, lūsī, lūsus play; tease; deceive, fool
rīdeō, ridēre, rīsī, rīsus laugh, smile; laugh at (+ acc.)
rumpō, rumpere, rūpī, ruptus break, burst
tangō, tangere, tetigī, tactus touch

culpa, culpae f. blame, guilt, fault
exemplum, exemplī n. example
impetus, impetūs m. attack
lacrima, lacrimae f. tear
legiō, legiōnis f. legion (a unit in the Roman army)
victor, victōris m. conqueror, victor

discō, discere, didicī, ---- learn
fingō, fingere, fīnxī, fictus shape; imagine, invent
mīror, mīrārī, mīrātus sum wonder at, admire; wonder
queror, querī, questus sum complain of, lament
sanciō, sancīre, sanxī, sanctus make sacred; make permanent; sanction
surgō, surgere, surrēxī, surrectus stand up, rise; grow
quasi (adv.) as if

flōs, flōris m. flower, bloom
mundus, mundī m. the universe, the world
tellus, tellūris f. earth, land; the earth
vulnus, vulneris n. wound
honestus, honesta, honestum honorable
accidō, accidere, accidī, ---- fall; happen
bibō, bibere, bibī, bibitus drink
contingō, contingere, contigī, contactum touch; concern; happen
fiō, fierī, factus sum become, be done; happen
spargō, spargere, spārsī, spārsus scatter, sprinkle
supersum, superesse, superfuī, superfutūrus remain, survive; be superfluous (to)
adhūc (adv.) thus far, to this point
tandem adv. at last

fulmen, fulminis n. thunderbolt
ingenium, ingeniī n. innate quality; nature, character; ability, talent, skill
lapis, lapidis m. stone
triumphus, triumphī m. triumph
dīvēs, dīvitis wealthy, rich
dīvus, dīva, dīvum divine; deified
dulcis, dulce sweet
mollis, molle soft; gentle
saevus, saeva, saevum fierce, wrathful, raging
frangō, frangere, frēgī, fractus break, shatter
iungō, iungere, iūnxī, iunctus join, link
perdō, perdere, perdidī, perditus destroy, ruin; waste; lose
premō, premere, pressī, pressus press, squeeze; overwhelm
taceō, tacēre, tacuī, tacitus be silent