APHUG Agriculture Unit 5 Notes

The secondary agricultural hearth of Central America domesticated squash, pepper, cotton, maize, potato, sweet potato, tomatoes, beans (not soy though). Intensive use of irrigation on soil can lead to salinization. The process of getting two full harvests on the same field in one year is double cropping. The system of land distribution used in England that uses geographic features to determine property boundaries is called the metes and bounds system. The meatpacking company Tyson is buying up all the steps in the commodity chain for raising, processing, and distributing chicken is an example of vertical integration. Agriculture originated in South Asia along the Indus River. Deforestation has been the main negative environmental impact of Palm Oil Plantations in SE Asia. Corn and soybeans are the 2 most common crops used in the US on mixed crop and livestock farms. Wisconsin specialize in Cheese production instead of fresh milk because it is far away from the population concentration. Norman Borlag was the father of the Green Revolution. Some negative environmental consequences of the Green Revolution include pollution from chemicals, increased use in fossil fuels, loss of biodiversity, loss of wetlands, and deforestation. Sustainable agriculture is the practice of preserving and enhancing the environment by only producing what is needed. Shifting cultivation is usually found in humid-low latitude, tropics. The two cereal grains domesticated in Sub-Saharan Africa are millet and sorghum. For the vast majority of human history, humans practiced hunting and gathering. The subsistence agriculture based on the herding of domesticated animals is pastoral nomadism. The commercial growing of plants using liquid instead of soil is hydroponics. One place where the Green Revolution had a substantial impact (meaning it actually saved lives) was in India and South America. Another name for the Green Revolution is the third agricultural revolution. Von Thunen developed a model to show the proximity to market in the choice of crops on commercial farms. The most common type of agriculture found in the U.S. Southeast is market gardening. Slash and burn is a characteristic of shifting cultivation. The deliberate modification of Earth's surface through the cultivation of plants and the rearing of animals to obtain sustenance or economic gain is agriculture. Climate is the #1 factor of agriculture, but the other two are landforms and soil/nutrients. In trpoical and suptropical places, there is high temperature, abundant rainfall, humid, high vegetation plants, and herd animals don’t do well here, there is a lot of diseases, and mosquitoes. In tropical/subtropical places, shifting cultivation and plantations happen. In drylands/deserts, it’s hot, with low rainfall, mountainous, and low vegetation. In drylands/deserts, herd animals do well because of nice pastures. In drylands/deserts, there is pastoral nomadism and livestock ranching. In temperate places, there are seasonal changes, moderate temperatures, and moderate rainfall. In temperate places, there is mixed crop and livestock farming, commercial grain farming, market gardening, dairy farming, and Mediterranean farming.