4.6-4.7 Psych Notes

Motivation - Consisting of biological, social, emotional, and cognitive factors, all of which force an individual to take action. 

Primary needs—Basic biological needs like food and water, all of which are required to maintain a person's well-being and life. 

Secondary Needs - Psychological needs that help with a person well well-being and social fulfillment, and bring joy. 

Instincts - Fixed patterns of behavior that automatically kick in when an animal or organism encounters certain stimuli. 

Homesotatasis - The body’s way of keeping everything inside your body balanced, like temperature or energy levels. 

Drive Reduction Theory - This theory states that behavior is often driven by the need for an individual to maintain homeostasis. 

Ghrelin - Human hunger hormone, signals to the brain that the body needs energy. 

Leptin - Seteity/fullness hormone. Another hormone that plays a role in our motivation and desire to eat. Is produced by fat cells. 

Hypothalamus - Organ located in the brain, that receives and processes signals from hormones to help the body. 

Pituitary gland - Releases hormones that influence our bodily functions. 

Arousal theory - This theory focuses on how the person's motivation is influenced by the amount of stimulation they are experiencing. 

Yerkes - Dobson Law - States that performance increases with arousal, but only to a certain point. If an individual goes beyond that point their performance starts to decrease. 

Intrinsic motivation - Motivation that comes from inside of the person, like with enjoyment and personal satisfaction. 

Intrinsic motivation - Motivation comes from outside of the person, from their environment. Can involve things like an external reward or punishment avoidance to be motivational. 

Self-Determination Theory - Theory that states people can be motivated by intrinsic or extrinsic motivation. 

Self - Self-Determination Theory - How people are naturally inclined to learn and develop. Happens when a person feels and senses control over their actions. 

Incentive Theory - A theory that believes that behavior is largely driven by external rewards or punishments, individuals are motivated to act due to extrinsic motivation. 

Sensation Seeking THeory - Proposes that individuals have different needs for experiences, with each impacting individuals' motivation to act. 

• Broken down into 4 elements: experience-seeking, adventure/thrill-seeking, disinhibition, boredom susceptibility 

Experience seeking - The desire for new, unconventional experiences 

Adventure/thrill-seeking - The desire to experience or engage in physically risky activities. 

Disinhibition - Tendency to seek out social or recreational situations 

Boredom susceptibility - Individuals' tolerance to repetitive and routine experiences 

Kurt Lewins Motivational Conflict Theory - Focuses on how people become motivated when confronted with a choice. 

3 different types of conflicts their: Approach- Approach, Avoidance- Avoidance, approach - avoidance.  

Approach Approach Conflict - When a person has to choose between 2 desirable or positive outcomes. 

Avoidance Avoidance Conflict - When a person has to choose between 2 undesirable or negative outcomes. 

Approach Avoidance Conflict - When a choice has both positive and negative aspects for the person.