microorganisms in relation to human health: chapter 2

food and drinking water * %%foodborne infection%% * food is contaminated with microorganisms → multiply in the body → infect the intestinal wall * prevention: during preparation → heat the food above 75°c/167 F * example: salmonella, cholera * %%food poisoning%% * food is contaminated with toxins that could be coming from bacteria who leave the toxins after contamination * example: Botulism → botulin which is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum → affects the nervous system
%%Inhaled air%% * %%aerosol%% = a suspension of fine solid or liquid particles in a gas * can contain microorganisms * example: influenza, TBC (tuberculosis)
other ways * %%via cracks mucous membrane%% * example: HIV, STDs * prevention: a condom * %%via contaminated needles%% * via the vein, into the bloodstream * example: reused drug needles (a needle to inject drugs → blood goes in the syringe and needle HIV spreads through the blood) → HIV, HBV (Hepatitis B Virus), HCV (Hepatitis C virus) * %%via skin wounds%% * microorganisms come into the skin barrier * example: tetanus → caused by the bacteria Clostridium tetani → in the earth or old metal * %%via bit and stab wounds%% * microorganisms come into the skin barrier * example: rabies → bitten by an infected animal like dogs, foxes, bats, cats,

malaria → bitten by a female mosquito who carries the disease

sleeping sickness or African trypanosomiasis → bitten by the Tsetse fly

Lyme disease → bitten by ticks who carry the bacteria Borrelia burgdorferi