Exam 1 Study Guide

Question 1

Match each statement with the CLORPT state factor to which it refers.

1. Basalt rock is created from volcanoes.
   A. Parent Material (Correct Answer)
   B. Climate
   C. Time
   D. Organism
   E. Relief

2. Earthworms are ecosystem engineers.
   A. Parent Material
   B. Climate
   C. Time
   D. Organism (Correct Answer)
   E. Relief

3. Soil settles in the valleys of mountain ranges, creating fertile areas.
   A. Parent Material
   B. Climate
   C. Time
   D. Organism
   E. Relief (Correct Answer)

4. Soils in the tropics are exposed to consistent rain, which weathers out nutrients.
   A. Parent Material
   B. Climate (Correct Answer)
   C. Time
   D. Organism
   E. Relief

5. Soil immediately after a forest fire hasn't built up mineral nitrogen.
   A. Parent Material
   B. Climate
   C. Time (Correct Answer)
   D. Organism
   E. Relief

Question 2

When a caterpillar begins feeding on a leaf:

A. The phloem cells become inactive
B. Hydrolysis of the cell membrane produces jasmonate, initiating defense responses in the plant. (Correct Answer)
C. The caterpillar is repelled by the leaf.
D. Photosynthesis ceases.

Question 3

The presence of canavanine in legume seeds is an example of:

A. A chemical defense
B. A physical defense
C. A behavioral defense
D. A constitutive defense (Correct Answer)

Question 4

Sinks for phloem sugars include:

A. Leaves and stems
B. Roots, newly emerging leaves, and fruits (Correct Answer)
C. Flowers and seeds
D. Soil and water

Question 5

Altered phenology of plants is leading to most plants leafing out later in spring:

A. True
B. False (Correct Answer: B)

Question 6

Nitrogen Cycle:

A. Decomposition of organic matter by fungi leads to a decrease in NH_4^+ (ammonium) in the soil.
B. Decomposition of organic matter by fungi leads to an increase in NH_4^+ (ammonium) in the soil. (Correct Answer)

Question 7

Academic Integrity:

A. The student agrees to abide by Villanova's Code of Academic Integrity. (Correct Answer)
B. The student can cheat if they don't get caught.

Question 8

Xylem Conductance and Water Availability:

A. Cottonwood is well adapted to conditions away from a river.
B. Cottonwood is least adapted to conditions away from a river where water is less available. (Correct Answer)