Unit 5

Here are Unit 5: Revolutions (1750–1900) notes based on Heimler's History video and the College Board key concepts—all simplified for easy memorization and great for 9th grade:

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## 🧠 UNIT 5 – AP World History: Modern (1750–1900)

Theme: Political and industrial revolutions change the world.

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### 🌍 1. Enlightenment Ideas (Caused Revolutions)

* John Locke – Natural rights: life, liberty, property

* Social Contract – People give up some freedom to a gov’t that protects their rights

* Popular Sovereignty – Power comes from the people

Led to calls for *freedom**, equality, and democracy

📝 "Gov’t protects rights or people can rebel"

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### 💥 2. Political Revolutions

* American Revolution (1776) – U.S. breaks from Britain using Enlightenment ideas

* French Revolution (1789) – Overthrows monarchy; calls for liberty, equality, fraternity

* Haitian Revolution (1791) – Enslaved Haitians revolt and gain independence

* Latin American Revolutions – Colonies in South America fight for freedom from Spain

📝 "Inspired by Enlightenment; people rise up"

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### ⚙ 3. Industrial Revolution

Starts in *Britain** → spreads

* Causes: coal, iron, rivers, capitalism, labor

* Factories and machines replace handwork

* Urbanization: people move to cities for jobs

📝 "Machines, factories, cities"

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### 🏭 4. Economic Changes

* Capitalism (Adam Smith): Private businesses, supply and demand

* Communism/Socialism (Karl Marx): Workers should own production

* Factory system = harsh conditions → worker unions rise

Rise of *global economy**

📝 "Capitalism vs. socialism fight over fairness"

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### 👨‍👩‍👧‍👦 5. Social Changes

* Middle class grows

* Women enter some factory work (but limited rights)

Calls for *feminism** (Mary Wollstonecraft)

* Child labor = common and dangerous

📝 "Middle class grows, women fight for rights"

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### 🌐 6. Imperialism & Global Impact

* Europe & Japan want raw materials → take colonies

* Railroads, steamships, telegraphs speed up empire-building

* Resistance movements: Zulu, Sepoy Rebellion, etc.

📝 "Industrial power = global domination"

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### 💡 Quick Terms to Know:

* Enlightenment – Reason and rights

* Nationalism – Pride in your nation; want independence

* Industrialization – Machines, factories, production

* Urbanization – City growth

* Capitalism – Private business

* Communism – Shared ownership

* Reform Movements – Abolition, feminism, worker rights

* Unification – Italy, Germany unite into nations

* Imperialism – Strong countries take weaker ones

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Want me to turn this into flashcards, a quiz, or Knowt-style review questions?