Untitled Flashcards Set

1. Meat production is 20x (Blank) than agriculture. (5.7)

• less land efficient

2. Which of the following open-access resources is least likely to be depleted in a tragedy of the commons? (5.1)

• Wind for power generation

3. Characteristics of the green revolution include all of the following except... (5.3)

• Increased use of animal labor

4. Which of the following is not a viable strategy to prevent a tragedy of the commons? (5.1)

• Open access

5. Why would a logging company utilize clearcutting as a logging strategy? (5.2)

• Clearcutting is cheaper than other methods

6. Which of the following is the least likely impact of logging on stream quality? (5.2)

• Increased dissolved oxygen

7. Slash and burn farming releases carbon dioxide and (Blank) into the atmosphere. (5.4)

• Particulate matter

8. Clearcutting and burning trees... (5.2)

• releases carbon dioxide

9. Which of the following situations would be most susceptible to a tragedy of the commons? (5.1)

• Public access deer hunting area

10. Which of the following dramatically increased food production around the world? (5.3)

• Green Revolution

11. What is one drawback to the increased mechanization of agriculture? (5.3)

• Increased use of fossil fuels

12. A drawback to the use of heavy machinery for agriculture and forestry is... (5.3)

• Soil compaction

13. This method of irrigation involves covering an entire field with water. 20% is lost to evaporation and runoff. Can lead to waterlogging. (5.5)

• Flood

14. Excessive use of synthetic fertilizers can contribute to... (5.4)

• Eutrophication

15. Which of the following is a regulating service provided by forests that clearcutting negatively impacts? (5.2)

• Pollutant absorption

16. Which of the following represents the largest human use of freshwater (70%)? (5.5)

• Irrigation

17. This method of irrigation is inexpensive and involves cutting channels in soil for water to flow through. 1/3 of water lost to evaporation and runoff. (5.5)

• Furrow

18. Which of the following is NOT a problem associated with soil salinization? (5.5)

• Decreased salt content

19. Which of the following is not a major method of irrigation? (5.5)

• Contour

20. One negative impact of excessive tillage is... (5.4)

• Increased soil erosion

21. This method of irrigation is the most expensive and relies on perforated hoses that efficiently supply water to plant roots. (5.5)

• Drip

22. What is a drawback to the use of GMO crops? (5.6)

• Decreased genetic diversity

23. Which of the following problems is characterized by "drowned" plant roots that cannot absorb oxygen through their roots? (5.5)

• Waterlogging

24. This method of irrigation requires energy to operate, relies on nozzles that disperse water over a field, and is more expensive than some others. (5.5)

• Spray

25. Which aquifer in the central United States has been severely depleted? (5.5)

• Ogallala

26. Which of the following correctly matches the type of pesticide and its target organisms. (5.6)

• Herbicides - Plants

27. Which of the following types of water resources is commonly used for agriculture and can lead to salinization of soil? (5.5)

• Groundwater

28. Which of the following is a risk of CAFOs? (5.7)

• Development of antibiotic-resistant pathogens

29. The use of pesticides can, via artificial selection, lead to (Blank) in pest species. (5.6)

• Resistance

30. This method of meat production is associated with low density populations and grass-fed organisms. (5.7)

• Free Range

31. CAFOs are a method of meat production with high (Blank) and low(Blank). (5.7)

• density, cost

32. Which of the following would not be a beneficial modification for a GMO crop? (5.6)

• Nitrogen Resistance (Nitrate Safe Cotton)

33. As the most accessible ores are depleted, which of the following is the most likely result? (5.9)

• Companies will begin mining for deeper and lower grade ores

34. Desertification is most likely in which of the following situations? (5.7)

• Overgrazing in an arid area

35. Which of the following is a benefit of CAFOs as compared to free-range grazing? (5.7)

• Less expensive meat for consumers

36. Overgrazing by cattle can lead to... (5.7)

• Soil erosion

37. All of the following are environmental benefits of decreased meat consumption except... (5.7)

• Reduced price for food

38. Which of the following effects of coal mining would be most likely to cause asthma? (5.9)

• Release of dust

39. All of the following are problems associated with overfishing except... (5.8)

• Decreased ocean temperatures

40. Which of the following best defines overburden? (5.9)

• Material above the ore

41. Strip mining involves all of the following except... (5.9)

• Digging parallel shafts

42. Impervious surfaces (roads, sidewalks, etc.) do not allow water to infiltrate and lead to increased... (5.10)

• Runoff

43. Which of the following terms best describes the waste material left after the minerals have been removed from the ore? (5.9)

• Tailings

44. Which of the following terms is used to describe organisms that are unintentionally captured by a fishing operation? (5.8)

• Bycatch

45. As coal resources become depleted, it becomes economically viable to do which of the following? (5.9)

• Subsurface mining

46. What is a major drawback of subsurface mining for coal as compared to surface mining for coal? (5.9)

• Higher operating cost

47. Which of the following resources is not currently being harvested at a rate that is greater than maximum sustainable yield? (5.12)

• Atmospheric oxygen

48. Which of the following problems are more significant for coastal cities than inland cities? (5.10)

• Saltwater intrusion

49. Which of the following aspects of urbanization has the greatest effect on the carbon cycle? (5.10)

• Fossil fuel combustion

50. What do ecological footprints allow us to compare? (5.11)

• Resource demands

51. Which of the following is not an effective solution for the issue of urban sprawl? (5.10)

• Subsidies for single-family housing

52. Which of the following is not a reason that individuals in suburban areas tend to have larger ecological footprints than those in urban areas? (5.11)

• Increased use of public transit.

53. All of the following are environmental indicators of sustainability except... (5.12)

• Gross domestic product

54. Which of the following is an example of biocontrol in IPM? (5.14)

• Introduction of a natural predator

55. All of the following are methods to reduce urban runoff except... (5.13)

• Highway expansion

56. Which of the following strategies to reduce urban runoff can also directly reduce your carbon footprint? (5.13)

• Using public transportation

57. IPM stands for... (5.14)

• Integrated Pest Management

58. Which type of soil erosion control method is seen here? (5.15)

• Windbreaks

59. Maximum sustainable (Blank) is the amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested with reducing the available supply. (5.12)

• Yield

60. In addition to lowering the risk of human exposure to pesticides, which of the following is a benefit of IPM? (5.14)

• Decreased likelihood of pests developing resistance

61. Which type of soil erosion control method is seen here? (5.15)

• Contour plowing

62. Why is crop rotation an IPM strategy? (5.14)

• Prevents pests from developing perennial populations

63. What is a drawback to IPM as compared to chemical pest management? (5.14)

• Increased cost and complexity

64. All of the following are drawbacks of aquaculture except for... (5.16)

• Bycatch

65. All of the following are methods to improve soil fertility except... (5.15)

• Addition of salts

66. Which of the following is not a reason that aquaculture has expanded dramatically in recent years? (5.16)

• Possibility for introduction of non-native species

67. No-till agriculture is expensive and leads to challenges with managing weeds but it does reduce ... (5.15)

• Soil erosion

68. What is one benefit of rotational grazing over typical grazing? (5.15)

• Avoids overgrazing

69. Which of the following are methods to mitigate deforestation? 2 Possible (5.17)

• Buying reclaimed wood products

70. The picture shows a drawing of... (5.17)

• Selective cutting

71. All of the following are methods to protect forests from pathogens and insects except... (5.17)

• Forest fire prevention

72. Controlled/Prescribed burns prevent... (5.17)

• Accumulation of fuel