Body Systems Review Flashcards
Body Systems
Cardiovascular & Circulatory System
- Transports nutrients and waste products.
Digestive System
- Digestion and absorption.
Endocrine System
- Produces and releases hormones.
- Regulates appetite, nutrient absorption, storage, and usage.
- Glands include: pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, thymus, pineal, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.
- Glands secrete hormones that regulate cellular processes.
- Pancreas is crucial for blood sugar control.
Immune System
- Defends against foreign invaders.
Integumentary System
- Protective, body temperature regulation.
- Includes skin, nails, hair, sweat glands.
Muscular System
- Enables body movement (voluntary and involuntary).
- Controls heartbeat and peristaltic waves.
- Relies on energy delivery; uses glycogen stored in muscles.
- Can use alternate fuels like fatty acids and protein.
Nervous System
- Interprets and responds to stimuli.
- Includes brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
Reproductive System
- Reproduction and sexual characteristics.
- Includes gonads and genitals.
Respiratory System
- Gas exchange.
- Includes lungs, nose, mouth, throat, and trachea.
Skeletal System
- Provides structure and support.
- Consists of 206 bones plus ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
- Bones act as a storage depot for minerals such as calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium.
- Bones are continuously breaking down and reforming.
Urinary System
- Waste excretion and water balance.
- Cleanses blood and rids the body of wastes.
- Regulates pH (with lungs and circulatory system) and blood pressure (with heart and blood vessels).
- Determines concentration of red blood cells; kidneys produce 85% of the hormone to stimulate red blood cell production.
- Performs final synthesis step of vitamin D production.
- Urine characteristics indicate hydration and health status.