social-dimension-of-science-and-technology_compress

Chapter Overview

• Title: The Social Dimension of Science and Technology

Key Concepts

Definitions

• Society: A self-sufficient group sharing a common territory and culture; preserves and transmits culture through various means (literature, art, etc.).

• Culture: Comprises traditions, customs, behaviors, ideas, values, and artifacts that define society.

• Science: A system of knowledge involving unbiased observations and systematic experimentation concerning the physical world.

• Technology: Practical application of science to solve problems or invent useful tools, addressing society's needs.

The Connection between Society, Culture, Science, and Technology

Science in Society

• Science is a collective endeavor vital for health, providing medicine, water, energy, and enhancing life quality.

• It addresses daily challenges and contributes to understanding the universe, driving innovation and equitable development.

Technology as Part of Culture

• Technology profoundly impacts daily life, often operating outside of conscious awareness

• There exists a reciprocal relationship where culture shapes technology and technology influences cultural perceptions and practices.

Science, Technology, and Society (STS)

Interdisciplinary Approach

• Studies the production, distribution, and utilization of scientific knowledge.

• Analyzes consequences on different societal groups through various sociological perspectives:

  • Symbolic Interactionism: Focus on social interactions using symbols that carry meaning.

  • Structural Functionalism: Examines interconnections between social systems and institutions.

  • Social Conflict Theory: Analyzes unequal relationships among societal groups.

Perspectives on Technology and Society

Technological Somnambolism

• Asserts that technology has a neutral moral stance, suggesting a simplistic relationship between humans and technology.

• Ignores the complexities of how technology shapes and is shaped by social structures.

Technological Determinism

• Propagated by Thorstein Veblen, this view suggests that technology fundamentally determines society’s structure and history.

• Illustrates that each technological advancement leads to cultural and social transformation.

Social Construction of Technology (SCOT)

• Introduced by Wiebe Bijker and Trevor Pinch, it posits that technology emerges from social processes.

• Highlights negotiation between society and technology shaping their meanings and usages.

Conclusion

• The relationship between science, technology, and society is intricate and multi-faceted, influencing various aspects of daily life and cultural practices.