Latviešu valoda medicīnā

Greetings

• Labrīt! - Good morning!

• Labdien! - Good day! Hello!

• Labvakar! - Good evening!

• Sveiki! (pl., form.) - Hello!

  • Sveika! (f.) - Hello!

  • Sveiks! (m.) - Hello!

• Čau! (colloq.) - Hi!
  Example: "Labrīt! Kā jums iet?" (Good morning! How are you?)

Saying Goodbye

• Uz redzēšanos! - Goodbye!

• Visu labu! - Goodbye! Bye!

• Atā! - Bye! See you!

• Līdz rītam! - See you tomorrow!
  Example: "Uz redzēšanos! Tiksimies vēlāk." (Goodbye! See you later.)

Thanking and Giving Things

• Paldies! - Thank you.

• Lūdzu! - You are welcome. Please. Here you are!

• Liels paldies! - Thank you very much!

• Nav par ko. - My pleasure. Never mind.
  Example: "Liels paldies par palīdzību! Nav par ko."(Thank you very much for the help! My pleasure.)

Apologizing and Getting Attention

• Atvainojiet!/Piedodiet! (pl., form.) - I'm sorry.

• Atvaino!/Piedod! (sg., inform.) - I'm sorry.

• Tas nekas. - It's okay.

• Atvainojiet! (pl., form.) - Excuse me!

• Atvaino! (sg.,inform.) - Excuse me!
  Example: "Atvainojiet, kur ir tualete?" (Excuse me, where is the bathroom?)

Communication

• Kā lūdzu? - Pardon me? Sorry?

• Lūdzu, lēnāk! - Please more slowly.

• Lūdzu, vēlreiz! - One more time please.

• Skaidrs. - Clear. I see.

• Jauku dienu! - Have a nice day!
  Example: "Lūdzu, lēnāk! Es nesaprotu." (Please, more slowly! I don't understand.)

Introducing

• Kā jūs sauc? (pl., form.) - What is your name?

• Kā tevi sauc? (sg., inform.) - What is your name?

• Kāds ir jūsu vārds un uzvārds? (form.) - What is your name and surname?

• Mani sauc…/Mans vārds ir … - My name is …

• Es esmu … - I am…

• Mans uzvārds ir… - My surname is …

• Priecājos iepazīties! - Pleased to meet you!

• Ļoti patīkami! - Nice to meet you!
  Example: "Mani sauc Anna. Priecājos iepazīties!" (My name is Anna. Pleased to meet you!)

Greetings and Well-being

• Kā jums iet? Kā tev iet? Kā jums klājas? Kā tev klājas? – How are you?

• Man iet …

  • slikti - bad

  • ļoti slikti - very bad

  • traki - terribly

  • Varētu būt labāk - Could be better

  • labi - good

  • ļoti labi - very good

  • normāli = tā nekas - normal

  • diezgan labi - quite good

  • Viss ir kārtībā - Everything is okay
    Example: "Kā tev iet? Man iet labi, paldies!" (How are you? I'm good, thank you!)

Nominative Case

• NOMINATĪVS – kas? (what? who?)

• Masculine

  • 1st declension: -s, -š (e.g., draugs - friend, kaimiņš - neighbor)

  • 2nd declension: -is (e.g., brālis - brother)

  • 3rd declension: -us (e.g., tirgus - market)

• Feminine

  • 4th declension: -a (e.g., māsa - sister)

  • 5th declension: -e (e.g., mute - mouth)

  • 6th declension: -s (e.g., nakts - night)

• Plural Forms

  • Masculine

  • 1st declension: -i (e.g., draugi, kaimiņi)

  • 2nd declension: -i (e.g., brāļi)

  • 3rd declension: -i (e.g., tirgi)

  • Feminine

  • 4th declension: -as (e.g., māsas)

  • 5th declension: -es (e.g., mutes)

  • 6th declension: -is (e.g., naktis)

• Dictionary Form: The nominative singular form is typically used in dictionaries.

  • Feminine Nouns of the 6th Declension: Examples include nakts (night), pils (castle), valsts (state, country), sirds (heart), acs (eye), auss (ear), krūtis (chest, breasts), asinis (blood), uguns (fire), zivs (fish), durvis (door).

  • Exceptions: ūdens (water), rudens (autumn), suns (dog) are declined like 2nd declension nouns.

  • Soft Consonants: 2nd declension nouns in plural always have a soft consonant (e.g., brālis – brāļi, muskulis – muskuļi, vīrietis – vīrieši, latvietis – latvieši).

  • Social Roles and Professions: Also have genders (e.g., students – studente, profesors – profesore, ārsts – ārste, draugs – draudzene, grupas biedrs – grupas biedrene, kardiologs – kardioloģe).
    Example: "Draugs ir mans labākais draugs." (A friend is my best friend.)

Verb "to be"

• būt

• Present Tense Conjugation:

  • Es esmu – I am

  • Tu esi – You are

  • Viņš/Viņa ir – He/She is

  • Mēs esam – We are

  • Jūs esat – You are (formal/plural

  • Viņi/Viņas ir – They are

• Negative Forms:

  • Es neesmu – I am not

  • Tu neesi – You are not

  • Viņš/Viņa nav – He/She is not

  • Mēs neesam – We are not

  • Jūs neesat – You are not

  • Viņi/Viņas nav – They are not
    Example: "Es esmu students." (I am a student.) "Viņa nav ārste." (She is not a doctor.)

Demonstrative Pronouns

• Singular

  • Tas (masculine) - This/That (is)

  • Tā (feminine) - This/That (is)

• Plural

  • Tie (masculine) - These/Those (are)

  • Tās (feminine) - These/Those (are)
    Example: "Tas ir mans dators." (This is my computer.) "Tās ir manas grāmatas." (Those are my books.)

Possessive Pronouns

• Singular

  • Mans/Mana - My

  • Tavs/Tava - Your (informal)

• Plural

  • Mani/Manas - My

  • Tavi/Tavas - Your (informal)
    Example: "Mans brālis ir ārsts." (My brother is a doctor.) "Tava māsa ir studente." (Your sister is a student.)

Vocabulary and Phrases

A, Ā

• acs (6th decl.) – eye

• analīzes – analysis

• anamnēze – anamnesis

• anatomija – anatomy

• apelsīns – orange

• arī – also, too

• asinis (6th decl.) – blood

• atā – bye, see you

• atvaino (sg., inform., imper.) – I’m sorry

• atvainojiet (pl., form., imper.) – I’m sorry, excuse me

• auditorija – auditorium

• auss (6th decl.) – ear

• autobuss – bus

• ārsts, ārste – doctor
  Example: "Man sāp acs." (My eye hurts.)

B

• banka – bank

• bet – but

• bibliotēka – library

• brālis – brother

• būt – to be, to have
  Example: "Es eju uz banku." (I am going to the bank.)

C, Č

• centrs – centre

• cik – how much, how many

• cilvēks – person, human

• čau (colloq.) – hi
  Example: "Cik maksā?" (How much does it cost?)

D

• darbs – job, work

• dators – computer

• daudz – a lot, much, many

• diagnoze – diagnosis

• diezgan labi – pretty well

• draudzene – female friend, girlfriend

• draugs – male friend, boyfriend

• dzīvoklis – apartment, flat
  Example: "Man patīk mans darbs." (I like my job.)

E, Ē

• ejam – let’s go

• eksāmens – exam

• es – I
  Example: "Ejam uz kino!" (Let's go to the cinema!)

F

• filma – movie
  Example: "Šī filma ir interesanta." (This movie is interesting.)

G, Ģ

• galds – table

• galva – head

• grāmata – book

• grupas biedrs, grupas biedrene – group mate

• ģimene – family
  Example: "Ģimene ir svarīga." (Family is important.)

I, Ī

• ideja – idea

• iela – street

• iepazīsimies – let’s introduce

• informācija – information

• interesanti – interesting
  Example: "Man ir laba ideja." (I have a good idea.)

J

• jauku dienu – have a nice day

• jā – yes

• jūs (pl., form.) – you
  Example: "Jauku dienu!" (Have a nice day!)

K, Ķ

• kabinets – office, room

• kardiologs, kardioloģe – cardiologist

• karte – map, card

• kas – what, who

• Kā jums iet (klājas)? (pl., form.) – How are you?

• Kā jūs sauc? (pl., form.) – What is your name?

• Kā lūdzu? – Pardon me? Sorry?

• Kā tev iet (klājas)? (sg., inform.) – How are you?

• Kā tevi sauc? (sg., inform.) – What is your name?

• Kāds ir jūsu vārds un uzvārds? (pl., form.) – What is your name and surname?

• klepus – cough

• kokteilis – cocktail

• kolēģis, kolēģe – colleague

• koncerts – concert

• konflikts – conflict

• konsultācija – consultation

• krēsls – chair

• krūtis (6th decl.) – chest, breast

• ķermenis – body
  Example: "Kā jums iet?" (How are you?)

L, Ļ

• labdien – good day, hello

• labi (adv.) – good, well, fine, okay

• labrīt – good morning

• labvakar – good evening

• lampa – lamp
  -lekcija – lecture

• lektors, lektore – lecturer

• liels paldies – thank you very much

• līdz rītam – see you tomorrow

• lūdzu – please, you are welcome, here you are

• ļoti – very

• ļoti patīkami – nice to meet you
  Example: "Labdien! Kā jums iet?" (Good day! How are you?)

M

• man iet ļoti labi – I’m very well

• mani sauc – my name is

• mans, mana – my

• masāža – massage

• māja – house, building

• mājas – home

• māsa – sister

• medicīna – medicine

• medmāsa – nurse

• medus – honey

• metode – method

• mēs – we

• muskulis – muscle

• mute – mouth

• mūsu – our
  Example: "Mani sauc Jānis." (My name is Jānis.)

N, Ņ

• nakts (6th decl.) – night

• nav par ko – my pleasure, never mind

• nē – no

• nē taču – of course not

• normāli – I’m fine
  Example: "Labu nakti!" (Good night!)

O

• operācija – operation
  Example: "Operācija bija veiksmīga." (The operation was successful.)

P

• pacients, paciente – patient

• paldies – thank you

• parks – park

• pediatrs, pediatre – pediatrician

• pensionārs, pensionāre – pensioner

• pica – pizza

• piedod (sg., inform., imper.) – I’m sorry

• piedodiet (pl., form., imper.) – I’m sorry

• pietura – stop, station

• pils (6th decl.) – castle

• plecs – shoulder

• politika – politics

• priecājos iepazīties – pleased to meet you

• priecājos tevi redzēt (sg., inform.) – good to see you

• problēma – problem

• process – process

• profesors, profesore – professor

• projekts – project
  Example: "Paldies par palīdzību!" (Thank you for the help!)

R

• rent gens – X-ray

• restorāns – restaurant

• rezultāts – result

• rudens (2nd decl.) – autumn
  Example: "Ejam uz restorānu!" (Let's go to the restaurant!)

S, Š

• sāpes – pain

• sieviete – woman, lady

• simptoms – symptom

• sirds (6th decl.) – heart

• situācija – situation

• skaidrs – clear, I see

• skalpelis – scalpel

• skolotājs, skolotāja – teacher

• slikti (adv.) – bad, badly

• slimnīca – hospital

• sportists, sportiste – athlete

• stacija – station

• steidzos (steigties) – I’m in a hurry (to hurry)

• students, studente – student

• studēju (studēt) – I study (to study)

• stunda – hour

• suns (2nd decl.) – dog

• sveiks (m.), sveika (f.), sveiki (pl., form.) – hello

• šeit – here

• šokolāde – chocolate
  Example: "Man ir sāpes galvā." (I have a headache.)

T

• tas (m.) – it, this

• tas nekas – it’s okay

• tā (f.) – it, this

• tā nekas – I’m fine

• tāfele – (black)board

• tās (f.) – these

• teātris – theatre

• telefons – phone

• telefona numurs – phone number

• tests – test

• tie (m.) – these

• tiksimies vēlāk – see you later

• tirgus – market

• traki – crazy

• tu (sg., inform.) – you

• tūrists, tūriste – tourist
  Example: "Tas ir mans telefons." (This is my phone.)

U, Ū

• uguns (6th decl.) – fire

• un – and

• universitāte – university

• uz redzēšanos – goodbye

• uzvārds – surname

• ūdens (2nd decl.) – water
  Example: "Es studēju universitātē." (I study at the university.)

V

• vai – question word, or

• valsts (6th decl.) – country, state

• varētu būt labāk – could be better

• vārds – name

• vecāki – parents

• veikals – shop, store

• vēders – belly, abdomen

• viņa – she

• viņas (f.) – they

• viņi (m.) – they

• viņš – he

• viss ir normāli, viss ir kārtībā, viss ir labi – everything is all right

• visu labu – goodbye, bye

• vīrietis – man

• vīruss – virus
  Example: "Vai tu esi tūrists?" (Are you a tourist?)

Z, Ž

• zāles – medication, medicine, drug

• zivs (6th decl.) – fish