APUSH Board Lecture Notes: 1890-Present

Exam Overview and Requirements

• Final exam covers the period from 1890 to the present.

• There are only 8 class days left to prepare for the exam.

• Review Units 7-9.

• Check that the blue book works.

• Can only access on school chromebook.

• Must use college board login.

• Can do a practice ‘test’ in it.

1890-1945

• Represents 10-17% of the AP Exam.

• Key topics include:

  • US Foreign Policy

  • Closing of the Frontier (end of Manifest Destiny)

  • End of Indian Wars (Battle of Wounded Knee – 1890)

  • Alfred Mahan and the importance of naval power in shaping US Foreign Policy.

  • US Annexation of Hawaii (1898) – Queen Liliuokolani

  • Spanish American War (1898) - USS Maine, Rough Riders, San Juan Hill, Yellow Journalism, Filipino Rebellion.

  • Insular Cases (1901) – territories don’t have full constitutional rights.

  • Roosevelt Corollary, Dollar Diplomacy, Platt Amendment, Teller Amendment

  • Pancho Villa raids from Mexico – 1916

• 20th Century Economic Shifts:

  • Wright Brothers Airplane (1903)

  • Model T (1908)

  • Assembly line production

  • Lindbergh crosses Atlantic (1927)

• The Progressives:

  • TR (Square Deal & New Nationalism)

  • Taft (the REAL trustbuster & bathtub)

  • Wilson (New Freedom)

  • Muckrakers (Upton Sinclair, Ida Tarbell, Jacob Riis)

  • Pure Food and Drug Act; Meat Inspection Act; The Jungle

  • Federal Reserve Act (1913) – modern monetary/banking system!

  • Antitrust Acts (Sherman-1890; Clayton 1914)

• Amendments:

  • 16th (income tax)

  • 17th (direct election of senators)

  • 18th (prohibition)

  • 19th (women’s suffrage)

• America in WW1 (1917-1918):

  • American Expeditionary Force (AEF – “Blackjack” Pershing)

  • Early Isolationism (Lusitania, Zimmerman Note)

  • Trench Warfare

  • 14 Points (Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, Article X, US Rejection)

  • First Red Scare (Espionage Act, Schenck v. United States; “clear and present danger”, Palmer Raids, Sacco & Vanzetti)

• 20th Century Immigration & Migration:

  • Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907 – Japan)

  • Great Migration (African Americans – 1910-1970)

  • National Origins Act – 1924 (encourages Northern/Western Europe)

  • Mexican Repatriation (1929-1939) more emigrate from US than immigrate

  • Bracero Program (1942) – Mexican temporary work program

Roaring 20’s

• Harlem Renaissance (Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Bessie Smith, the Jazz Age)

• Radio (KDKA); Movies (The Jazz Singer)

• Rise of the KKK (March on Washington, 1925)

• Fundamentalism vs. Modernism (Scopes Trial; evolution)

• Prohibition (18th Amendment; Volstead Act; Al Capone; Speakeasy; Moonshiners; 21st Amendment)

Great Depression and the New Deal

• Stock Market Crash – 1929 – Black Tuesday, Speculation, Buying on the Margin

• Hoover’s Response – Hawley Smoot Tariff, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Voluntary Relief, Bonus Army (March) of 1932

• New Deal (1933-1945) – AAA, NIRA, SEC, TVA, WPA, Federal Writers Project, FDIC – Alphabet Soup!

• Relief (to people), Recovery(of industries), Reform (for the future)

• Recovery: Direct aid, Bank Holiday, loan forgiveness

• Reform: Glass Steagall Act (FDIC), SEC, Social Security Act

• Labor – Wagner Act (NLRB)

• Negatives: Court Packing Scheme (1937), Roosevelt Recession (1938), Huey Long

• New Deal Coalition – 1932-1968; African Americans, Urban Americans, White Southerners all vote for Democrats for over 30 years

20’s and 30’s Foreign Policy

• Washington Naval Conference – 1921-22

• Good Neighbor Policy (Latin America)

• Neutrality Acts (1935-1939)

• Cash & Carry (1939); Lend Lease Act (1940); Atlantic Charter (1941); Pearl Harbor (1941)

WW2 (1941-1945)

• North African Campaign

• Pacific Theater

• European Theater

• D-Day (1944), Battle of the Bulge, Island Hopping, Iwo Jima, Guadalcanal, Okinawa

• Executive Agreements: Yalta Conference, Potsdam Conference

• Hiroshima and Nagasaki (1945); Manhattan Project (1942); Oppenheimer

• Minority Groups: Mobilization of Women and Minority Workers; Rosie the Riveter, A. Philip Randolph, Japanese Internment (1942), Zoot Suit Riots (1943)

1945-1980

• Represents 10-17% of the AP Exam

• United Nations (1945)

Cold War Abroad (1945-1991)

• Truman: Iron Curtain, Containment (Truman/Kennan), Truman Doctrine, NSC, CIA (1947), Marshall Plan (1948), Berlin Airlift (1948), NATO (1949), Chinese Civil War (1949), Korean War, H-Bomb (1952)

• Eisenhower: Brinkmanship (Dulles), Sputnik (1957), Space Race, U2 Spy Plane Incident (1960)

• Kennedy: Kruschev, Bay of Pigs Fiasco (1961), Berlin Wall (1961), Cuban Missile Crisis (1962), Limited Test Ban Treaty (1963)

• Nixon/Ford/Carter: Détente, SALT 1 & 2 (1972/’79), Soviets Invade Afghanistan (‘79)

Cold War at Home (1945-1991) aka – “Red Scare”

• HUAC (Nixon!), Alger Hiss Trial, Rosenberg’s, McCarthyism (rise and fall of McCarthy)

US In Middle East

• Palestine Partition (1948) – Creates Israel (Palestine Never a Country), Suez Crisis (1956), Assassination of Bobby Kennedy (1968), Yom Kippur War & OPEC Embargo (1973), Camp David Accords (1979)

Wars in Southeast Asia

• Korea (1950-1953): 38th Parallel, Inchon, MaCarthur

• Vietnam (1954-1975) – Dien Bien Phu (end of French Occupation), Ho Chi Minh

  • Kennedy: Domino Theory, Advisors

  • Johnson: Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (1964), Viet Cong, Tet Offensive(1968) , Khe Sanh (1968), My Lai (1968), SDS

  • Nixon: Laos/Cambodia, Vietnamization, Kent State (1970), Pentagon Papers (1971), US Withdrawal (1973), War Powers Act (1973), Fall of South Vietnam (1975)

Civil Rights Movement & African Americans

• Truman: Jackie Robinson (1947), Desegregated Armed Forces (1948)

• Eisenhower: Brown v. Board (1954), Rosa Parks & Montgomery Bus Boycott (1954-55), Rise of MLK, SCLC (1957), Little Rock Nine (1957), SNCC (1960), Sit-Ins

• JFK: Freedom Rides (1961), James Meredith & Ole Miss (1962), March on Washington & “I Have a Dream” (1963)

• LBJ: Freedom Summer & Mississippi Burning (1964), Civil Rights Act of 1964, Selma March (1965), Voting Rights Act of 1965, Watts Riots, Black Power Movement, Nation of Islam (Black Muslims), Malcolm X, Black Panthers, Assassination of MLK (1968) & resulting riots, George Wallace (1968 Election)

• Other Civil Rights

  • Feminine Mystique (1963)

  • Equal Pay Act (1963)

  • NOW (1966)

  • ERA & Phyllis Schlafly (1972)

  • Chicano Movement, Cesar Chavez, AIM (1968), Indian Self Determination And Education Assistance Act (1974)

• The Warren Court (1953-1969) – Greatly Expands Civil Liberties/Rights & Federal Power

  • Brown v. Board (1954), Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

• The Great Society (LBJ – 1964-1968)

  • War on Poverty (1964), Head Start Program (1965), Medicaid & Medicare (1965)

• Post-WW2 Societal Changes

  • GI Bill (1944), Baby Boomers (1947), Beatniks, Counterculture, Sun Belt (thanks A/C!), Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, Woodstock (1969), Silent Spring and EPA (1970), Clean Air Act (1970), Three Mile Island (1979)

• Modern Party Era (1968)

  • New Right, Nixon’s Southern Strategy (1972), Watergate (1972-74), Roe v. Wade (1973), Bakke v. California (1978), Moral Majority (1979)

• Carter (1976)

  • Malaise, Stagflation, Iranian Hostage Crisis (1979)

1980-Present

• Represents 4-6% of AP Exam

• Ronald Reagan (1981-1989) – Dynamic Conservative

  • Supply Side Economics (Trickle Down), Reaganomics, Debt Growth, SDI aka “Star Wars, Gorbachev, Iran-Contra Scandal (1987), Sandra Day O’Connor

• George H.W. “Papa” Bush (1989-1993) – Last WW2 Veteran

  • “read my lips-no new taxes” fiasco, Fall of the Berlin Wall (1989), US and Panama (1989), Fall of Soviet Union (1991), Persian Gulf War “Operation Desert Storm” (1991)

• Bill Clinton (1993-2001) – Dot-Com Bubble

  • NAFTA (1993), Battle of Mogadishu (1993), Don’t Ask Don’t Tell (1994), Defense of Marriage Act (1996), Kyoto Agreement (1997) Lewinsky Scandal & Impeachment (1999)

• George W. Bush (2001-2009) – 9/11 and Great Recession

  • No Child Left Behind (2001), 9/11 (2001), Al Qaeda, Taliban, Bin Laden, USA PATRIOT Act (2001), Dept. of Homeland Security (2001), War in Afghanistan (2001), War in Iraq (2003), Nancy Pelosi (1st female SOH – 2007), Great Recession

• Barack Obama – (2009-2017) 1st African American President

  • Obamacare (2010), Bin Laden Raid (2011), Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)

Exam Preparation Activities

• SAQs tomorrow!

• SAQs Wednesday

• 45 MC tomorrow!

• 45 MC

• Test Corrections

  • Question # AND the main topic of the question

  • Your answer (letter only) AND why did you pick that? --HAS TO BE THOUGHTFUL!!! “Just guessed” doesn’t work, talk through your thinking. You picked it, why did you reason yourself to that answer????

  • Correct Answer

  • Question Issue or Content Issue? (was it that you didn’t understand what the question was asking OR did you not know the content necessary to answer the question?)

  • ONE SUMMARY (1 paragraph) after you do 1-4 for every question you missed– Any major content or question patterns that you see?
    Strengths/weaknesses of your content knowledge? What was your study plan? What will you do differently next time?

• DUE BY THE END OF CLASS TODAY!

• STAPLE ORIGINAL SCANTRON ON TOP OF NOTEBOOK PAPER - put in APUSH bin

• Test Corrections - Due today .25 back

• DBQ Drill - complete in groups and submit on Canvas

  • Work with a group to review the documents and practice HAPP statements, each person should submit a completed doc under the assignment on Canvas.

  • Scored examples of this DBQ linked here