PLANT TRANSPORT AND ANIMAL CIRUCLATION

Plant Transport and Animal Circulation

• Plant Transport

  • Involves absorption of water through roots and movement of substances in phloem.

  • Water and nutrients are absorbed through the root system by diffusion.

  • Water molecules move upwards through xylem vessels.

• Transportation in Plants

  • Plants have an autotrophic mode of nutrition through photosynthesis.

  • Photosynthesis is the process where plants make their own food using carbon dioxide, minerals, and water.

  • Plants release oxygen and water vapor as byproducts.

• Transportation in Plants

  • Plants need a transport system to move food, water, and minerals around.

  • Vascular tissues like xylem and phloem help in transporting water and nutrients.

• Xylem and Phloem

  • Xylem: Transports water and dissolved substances from roots to aerial parts of the plant.

  • Phloem: Transports food molecules bidirectionally within the plant.

• Animal Circulation

  • Blood flow through the human heart involves oxygenated blood entering the left side of the heart from the lungs.

  • Blood flows through the left atrium, left ventricle, aorta, and eventually returns to the heart through veins.

  • Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart, while veins return deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Regulation of Body Fluids

• Kidney Function

  • Kidneys play a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and eliminating metabolic wastes.

  • Kidneys filter blood, reabsorb essential ions and metabolites, and eliminate harmful substances through excretion.

  • Nephrons in the kidneys process around 2000 liters of blood per day to maintain body fluid balance.

Regulation of Mammalian Kidney Function

• Receptors in Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

  • Function in kidney's autoregulation system

  • Trigger constriction or dilation of afferent arteriole

• Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

  • Promotes water conservation

  • Secreted from hypothalamus via pituitary

  • Makes distal tubules and collecting ducts more permeable to water

• Aldosterone

  • Enhances sodium reabsorption

  • Stimulated by drop in blood pressure

  • In response, the kidney secretes an enzyme, renin, which indirectly stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete aldosterone

• Hypothalamus Thirst Center

  • Inhibits saliva production and stimulates drinking urge