public speaking final
Chapter 2
Ethical Speaking — Speaking truthfully, avoiding plagiarism, and respecting the audience’s dignity.
Plagiarism — Using someone else’s words/ideas without credit; includes global, patchwork, and incremental plagiarism.
Ethical Listening — Paying attention, keeping an open mind, and judging arguments fairly.
Credibility — The audience’s perception of your honesty and competence.
Chapter 12
Denotative Meaning — The literal dictionary meaning of a word.
Connotative Meaning — The emotional or cultural associations a word carries.
Vivid Language — Words that create strong imagery.
Rhythm — The flow created by sentence structure and sound patterns.
Inclusive Language — Avoiding language that excludes or demeans groups.
Chapter 13
Impromptu Speaking — Speaking with little or no preparation.
Extemporaneous Speaking — Speaking from a prepared outline, not a script.
Vocal Variety — Changes in pitch, rate, and volume to maintain interest.
Articulation — Pronouncing words clearly.
Nonverbal Communication — Gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact.
Chapter 16
Target Audience — The specific segment you aim to persuade.
Ethos — Credibility and trustworthiness.
Pathos — Emotional appeal.
Logos — Logical reasoning and evidence.
Types of Claims — Fact, value, and policy claims.
Chapter 17
Reasoning — Drawing logical conclusions from evidence.
Analogical Reasoning — Comparing two similar cases.
Causal Reasoning — Showing cause‑and‑effect relationships.
Emotional Appeals — Using stories, imagery, or language to evoke feelings.
Credibility Strategies — Demonstrating expertise, fairness, and good character.
A rhetorical device is a technique a speaker or writer uses to make their message more persuasive, memorable, or impactful.
Parallelism — Repeating grammatical structure for rhythm.
Repetition — Reusing key words/phrases for emphasis.
Antithesis — Contrasting ideas in balanced structure.
Allusion — Reference to history, religion, or literature.
Metaphor — Comparing two unlike things.
Imagery — Language that appeals to the senses.
Ethos — Credibility appeal.
Pathos — Emotional appeal.
Logos — Logical appeal.
Rhetorical Question — A question asked for effect, not an answer.
Juxtaposition — Placing ideas side‑by‑side for contrast.
true and false about these speechs
John F. Kennedy — Inaugural Address (1961)
Martin Luther King Jr. — “I Have a Dream” (1963)
Barack Obama — Eulogy for Reverend Clementa C. Pinckney (2015)