FINALS PPD

Etymology of Personality 

The term "personality" derives from the Latin words "Per" and "Sonare," meaning "to sound through." 

Persona 

is an actor’s mask that consists of the way a person tends to think and act. 

Nature of Personality 

Personality is unique to each individual and shaped by biological, psychological, and environmental factors. While generally stable, it can evolve through experiences. 

PEOPLE REACT BASED ON 

Feelings, Intuition, Stimuli, Thinking, Emotions and Sensation 

Influences on Personality 

  • Nature: Genetic inheritance. 

  • Nurture: Environmental upbringing. 

  • Training: Guidance received during development. 

Importance of Self-Knowledge 

Understanding oneself enhances self-acceptance, boosts confidence, aids decision-making, and improves communication. It also fosters better relationships and overall well-being. 

Measuring Personality: 

  1. Self-Report Questionnaires: Individuals assess their own traits. 

  1. Projective Techniques: Methods like inkblot tests reveal subconscious aspects. 

  1. Behavioral Assessment: Observing actions in various contexts provides insight into personality traits. 

The Big Five Personality Traits (OCEAN): 

  • O: Openness – Creativity and curiosity. 

  • C: Conscientiousness – Self-discipline and goal orientation. 

  • E: Extraversion – Sociability and assertiveness. 

  • A: Agreeableness – Compassion and cooperation. 

  • N: Neuroticism – Tendency toward negative emotions. 

Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) 

Founders are Katherine Cook Briggs and her daughter Isabel Briggs Myers. 

The MBTI has four dichotomies:  

  • Extraversion (E) vs. Introversion (I): This dichotomy determines how individuals recharge their energy. 

Extraverts gain energy from interacting with the external world and people, while Introverts recharge by spending time alone and focusing inward. 

  • Sensing (S) vs. Intuition (N): This dimension describes how people prefer to gather information. 

Sensing types focus on concrete, tangible details and facts, whereas  

Intuitive types look at the bigger picture and are more interested in patterns and possibilities. 

  • Thinking (T) vs. Feeling (F): This dichotomy indicates how individuals make decisions. 

Thinking types prioritize logic and objective criteria, while  

Feeling types consider values and the impact on others when making decisions. 

  • Judging (J) vs. Perceiving (P): This dimension reflects how people approach structure and organization. 

Judging types prefer a planned and organized approach, enjoying closure and decisiveness, whereas  

Perceiving types are more flexible and spontaneous, preferring to keep options open. 

Strengths and Weaknesses 

Identifying strengths (positive traits and skills) and weaknesses (areas needing improvement) enhances self-awareness and guides personal growth. 

Identifying Strengths and Weaknesses 

Self-reflection and feedback help clarify personal capabilities and areas for development, aiding both personal and professional growth. 

Understanding Abilities 

This involves acknowledging efforts, recording activities, reflecting on core values, and assessing alignment with those values. 

Types of Strengths 

  • Interpersonal: Relating well to others. 

  • Intellectual: Problem-solving and learning capabilities. 

  • Restraint: Self-control and discipline. 

  • Emotional: Managing emotions effectively. 

  • Theological: Commitment to spiritual beliefs. 

  • Finding your strength: Discovering what you’re good. 

 

The Power Triad is a framework that highlights the interconnectedness of three key aspects in shaping behavior and personal growth: thoughts, feelings, and actions. 

  • Thoughts: These are our mental cognitions, including our ideas, opinions, and beliefs about ourselves and the world. Thoughts are interpretations of situations and the outcomes of mental activity.  

  • Feelings: Feelings are subjective evaluations that are independent of the sensations or images evoking them. They represent our personal assessments and responses to various experiences.  

  • Emotions: Emotions, such as happiness, sadness, anger, or worry, are conscious experiences of our emotional reactions. They are often the internal experiences that drive our feelings and can influence our actions.  

  • Actions: Actions are the observable behaviors that often result directly from our feelings. For example, if we feel positive, we might act kindly; if we feel angry, we might behave aggressively. Actions are responses to situations, including both verbal and physical behaviors 

  • Situations: Situations refer to events or circumstances in life that trigger the cognitive triangle of thoughts, feelings, and actions. They are the external stimuli that influence our internal processes and subsequent behaviors. 

Developmental Stages of Life 

Developmentalists categorize the human lifespan into distinct stages: 

Conception: Fusion of egg and sperm forms a zygote; focus on maternal health. 

 

  • Infancy and Toddlerhood (0-2 years): Emphasis on trust and attachment. 

  • Early Childhood (2-6 years): Focus on autonomy and initiative. 

  • Middle Childhood (6-12 years): Development of competence and social skills. 

  • Adolescence (12-18 years): Identity formation is key. 

  • Early Adulthood (18-40 years): Focus on intimate relationships and career. 

  • Middle Adulthood (40-65 years): Establishing and guiding the next generation. 

  • Late Adulthood (65+ years): Reflection and legacy. 

  • Death and Dying (Sensile): Acceptance of mortality. 

Encouragement 101 

Encouragement involves supporting and motivating others through positive reinforcement. Key principles include: 

  • Positive Reinforcement: Acknowledging achievements, no matter how small. 

  • Active Listening: Demonstrating genuine interest fosters trust. 

  • Empathy: Validating emotions helps individuals feel heard. 

  • Constructive Feedback: Offers improvement while maintaining positivity. 

  • Celebration of Efforts: Reinforces hard work, not just outcomes. 

  • Goal Setting Assistance: Provides direction and motivation. 

How to Encourage Someone 

1. Stop and listen. 

2. Assess their level of seriousness. 

3. Provide genuine encouragement. 

Importance of Encouragement 

  • Builds grit. 

  • Creates trust. 

  • Fosters a safe environment for vulnerability. 

Being Happy 

According to Aristotle, happiness is the ultimate human desire, with all other desires serving to achieve it. 

Key Components of Happiness 

1. Balance of Emotions: More positive feelings than negative. 

2. Life Satisfaction: Contentment in relationships, work, and achievements. 

Types of Happiness 

  • Hedonia: Derived from pleasure and self-care. 

  • Eudaimonia: Based on virtue, meaning, and long-term fulfillment. 

Other feelings related to happiness include: 

  • Joy: Brief, present-moment feeling. 

  • Excitement: Anticipatory happiness. 

  • Gratitude: Appreciation and thankfulness. 

  • Pride: Satisfaction from accomplishments. 

  • Optimism: Positive outlook on life. 

  • Contentment: Sense of satisfaction. 

How to Cultivate Happiness 

To enhance happiness, consider the following strategies: 

  • Pursue Intrinsic Goals: Focus on goals motivated by personal values rather than external rewards like money or status. 

  • Enjoy the Moment: Cultivate mindfulness and appreciate current experiences. 

  • Reframe Negative Thoughts: Address the natural bias towards negativity by focusing on positive aspects of situations.  

THE CONCEPT OF RELATIONSHIP  

Personal relationship refer to close connections between people formed by emotional bonds and interactions, these bonds often grow from and are strengthened by mutual by experiences. Relationship are not static, it continually evolving and to fully enjoy and benefit from them we need skills, information, inspiration, practice and social support. 

THREE KINDS OF PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP 

  • Family - two or more persons related by birth, marriage, or adoption and who lived together as one household. 

  • Friends - close ties between two people that is often built upon mutual experience, shared interest, proximity & emotional bonding, they are able to turn each other in time of need 

  • Partnership - including marriage, close relationships formed between two people that are built upon affection, trust, intimacy, and this kind of relationship with only one person at a time 

BASIC RIGHTS IN A RELATIONSHIP 

  1. Right to Emotional Support 

  1. Right to Be Heard by Others and to Respond 

  1. Right to Have Your Point of View 

  1. Right to Have Your Feelings and Experiences Acknowledged as Real Basic Rights in a Relationship 

  1. Right to Live Free from Accusation and Blame 

  1. Right to Live Free from Criticism and Judgment 

  1. Right to Live Free from Emotional and Physical Threat. 

  1. Right to Have Your Feelings and Experiences Acknowledged as Real 

  1. Right to Live Free from Angry Outbursts and Rage 

WHY WE NEED RELATIONSHIPS IN LIFE 

It shows us how to love and be loved as well as who we want to be in life and who we don't. Having serious trusting relationships allows us to truly be our true selves. We must be open to meeting new people and having spiritual connections, will help us grow our faith and be able to inspire others to open us to new possibilities. Just be you and the right people will be in your life for the right reasons. Always be authentically you and others will love the real you. 

FAMILY STRUCTURES AND LEGACY 

Family and marriage are an important factor in society today. A good family structure is able to shape children's lives as they transition from childhood to adulthood, however a poor family structure could be the downfall of many children in today's society. Many factors contribute to the characteristics of a good and poor family structure such as marriage life, economic status and who are we interact with. 

Evolution of family structure, a home with a loving and loyal husband and wife is the supreme setting in which children can be reared in love and righteousness and in which the spiritual and physical needs of children can be met. A family it should be simply a group consisting of parents and children living together in a household. 

Different Family Types of Structures 

  1. Nuclear or Traditional Family 

  1. Single Parent or Lone Parent 

  1. Extended Family 

  1. Childless Family 

  1. Step family or Blended Family 

  1. Grandparent Family 

  1. Beanpole Family 

  1. Adopted/Fostered Family 

  1. Cohabitation Family 

  1. Same Sex-Family