1. What are the two main circulatory routes in the human body?

- A. Systemic and renal circulation

- B. Systemic and pulmonary circulation

- C. Pulmonary and peripheral circulation

- D. Renal and hepatic circulation

2. Which chamber of the heart pumps blood to the systemic circulation?

- A. Right atrium

- B. Left atrium

- C. Right ventricle

- D. Left ventricle

3. Which heart valve is located between the left atrium and the left ventricle?

- A. Tricuspid valve

- B. Pulmonary valve

- C. Aortic valve

- D. Bicuspid (mitral) valve

4. What is the main function of the pulmonary circulation?

- A. To supply oxygenated blood to the body tissues

- B. To transport nutrients to the body tissues

- C. To transport deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation

- D. To remove waste products from the body tissues

5. What is the approximate percentage of body blood volume contained in the veins?

- A. 8%

- B. 12%

- C. 60%

- D. 15%

6. What is the normal resting pulse rate for a healthy adult?

- A. 40-60 beats per minute

- B. 60-100 beats per minute

- C. 100-120 beats per minute

- D. 120-140 beats per minute

7. Which blood vessel has the highest blood pressure?

- A. Capillaries

- B. Veins

- C. Aorta

- D. Right atrium

8. Which of the following factors directly influences blood viscosity?

- A. Blood vessel length

- B. Blood vessel radius

- C. Blood thickness

- D. Blood pressure

9. What is the formula for cardiac output?

- A. Stroke volume × Heart rate

- B. Systolic BP × Diastolic BP

- C. Blood viscosity × Vessel radius

- D. Pulse pressure ÷ 3

10. Which of the following is used to measure blood pressure in clinical practice?

- A. Electrocardiogram (ECG)

- B. Sphygmomanometer and stethoscope

- C. Pulse oximeter

- D. Thermometer

11. What does an increase in blood vessel radius cause?

- A. Increased resistance and increased BP

- B. Increased resistance and decreased BP

- C. Decreased resistance and decreased BP

- D. Decreased resistance and increased BP

12. Which hormone is involved in long-term regulation of blood pressure?

- A. Adrenaline

- B. Insulin

- C. Aldosterone

- D. Glucagon

13. What type of blood flow is described as silent and normal?

- A. Turbulent flow

- B. Eddy currents

- C. Laminar flow

- D. Vortex flow

14. Which mechanism causes immediate, localized homeostatic adjustments in blood flow?

- A. Autoregulation

- B. Neural mechanism

- C. Endocrine mechanism

- D. Hormonal regulation

15. What is the normal pulse pressure for a healthy adult?

- A. 20-30 mmHg

- B. 30-40 mmHg

- C. 40-60 mmHg

- D. 60-80 mmHg

16. What is the main role of the precapillary sphincters?

- A. To control the diameter of veins

- B. To regulate blood flow into capillary beds

- C. To increase blood viscosity

- D. To pump blood through the heart

17. What type of blood vessels are primarily responsible for resistance in the circulatory system?

- A. Arteries

- B. Veins

- C. Arterioles

- D. Capillaries

18. Which factor is the most important in influencing local blood flow?

- A. Cardiac output

- B. Peripheral resistance

- C. Blood viscosity

- D. Blood volume

19. Which of the following describes the pressure exerted by blood on the wall of a blood vessel?

- A. Cardiac output

- B. Pulse pressure

- C. Blood pressure

- D. Stroke volume

20. Which component of blood circulation contains the greatest percentage of blood volume?

- A. Heart

- B. Pulmonary vessels

- C. Veins

- D. Arterioles and capillaries

21. What type of flow occurs when the streamline flow is broken up into eddy currents?

- A. Laminar flow

- B. Turbulent flow

- C. Vortex flow

- D. Normal flow

22. What is the term for the volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given period of time?

- A. Stroke volume

- B. Cardiac output

- C. Blood flow

- D. Blood pressure

23. Which valve prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium?

- A. Aortic valve

- B. Pulmonary valve

- C. Tricuspid valve

- D. Bicuspid (mitral) valve

24. What is the highest pressure in the arteries during heart contraction called?

- A. Diastolic pressure

- B. Mean arterial pressure

- C. Systolic pressure

- D. Pulse pressure

25. What causes the first heart sound, "lub"?

- A. Closing of the atrioventricular valves

- B. Closing of the semilunar valves

- C. Opening of the atrioventricular valves

- D. Opening of the semilunar valves

26. Which term describes the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

- A. Mean arterial pressure

- B. Cardiac output

- C. Pulse pressure

- D. Blood flow

27. What occurs when the blood vessel diameter decreases by one-half?

- A. Resistance increases 2 times

- B. Resistance increases 4 times

- C. Resistance increases 8 times

- D. Resistance increases 16 times

28. Which method is mainly used in clinical practice to measure blood pressure?

- A. Oscillometric method

- B. Auscultatory method

- C. Plethysmography

- D. Impedance cardiography

29. Which part of the heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

- A. Right atrium

- B. Right ventricle

- C. Left atrium

- D. Left ventricle

30. Which valve controls blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?

- A. Bicuspid (mitral) valve

- B. Tricuspid valve

- C. Aortic valve

- D. Pulmonary valve

Answers :

1. B

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. C

12. C

13. C

14. A

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. B

19. C

20. C

21. B

22. C

23. D

24. C

25. A

26. C

27. D

28. B

29. B

30. D