Intro to Anatomy

Endocrine System Pituitary, Adrenal, Pineal Glands, Hypothalamus, Thyroid. (Produce and Secrete Hormones) Reproductive System testes, ovaries, penis, uterus. (Produce Offspring) Lymphatic System lymph nodes and lymph vessels (Clean system of bacteria and foreign matter) Skeletal System Bones, Cartilage, Bone marrow. (Support and Protect organs, Produce Blood Cells) Muscular System Muscles, Ligaments, Tendons. (Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth) Movement and produce heat. Integumentary System Skin, Hair, Nails. (Temp. regulation, protection of deeper tissues) Nervous System Brain and Spinal Cord. (Fast-Acting control of the body) Urinary System Kidneys, Urethra, Ureters, Bladder. (Rid the body of Nitrogenous waste, Regulate water, and Acid-Base Balance in the Blood) Digestive System Stomach and Intestines. (Break food down) Respiratory System Nose, Lungs, Bronchi. (Exchange Gasses with external Environment) Circulatory System Heart and Blood. (Provide gasses and nutrients to cells within the body) Transverse
Sagittal
Frontal (Coronal)
Cephalic head Cranial skull Facial face Frontal forehead Ocular or orbital eye Nasal nose Otic ear Buccal cheek Cervical neck Oral mouth Mental chin Axillary armpit Brachial arm Antecubital front of elbow Antebrachial forearm Trunk Torso Thoracic thorax or chest Mammary Breast Abdominal abdomen Umbilical navel Pelvic pelvis Carpal wrist Palmar palm Digits (phalanges) fingers and toes Manual hands Inguinal groin Pubic pubis Femoral thigh Patellar kneecap Crural leg Tarsal ankle Hallux great toe (big toe) Acromial shoulder Dorsal back Olecranal back of elbow Lumbar lower back (loin) Gluteal buttock Popliteal back of knee Sural calf Calcaneal heel of foot Plantar bottom of foot Proximal closer to the trunk (Torso) Superficial (external) closer to the surface of skin Medial closer to the midline Anterior closer to the front side Dorsal closer to the back side Posterior closer to the back side Ventral closer to the back side Distal further from the trunk of the body Deep further on the inside of the body Lateral further away from the midline of the body Inferior towards the lower end of the body Superior towards the top end of the body Caudal towards the lower end of the body (further from the head) Cranial towards the top end of the body (towards the head) Positive Feedback an imbalance that your body is increasing to reach a goal. Ex. pregnancy or blood clotting. Negative Feedback an imbalance that is corrected or reversed by the body. Ex. high temperature or fever. Why are negative feedback mechanisms important? without it, your body can't correct imbalances which would have a negative impact on how the body can function. What are the four most common elements found in the body in the order of importance? 1. Oxygen 2. Carbon 3. Hydrogen 4. Nitrogen What is the name of the fluid where cells and blood cells exchange nutrients? Interstitial Fluid What is the name and type of molecule that holds your genetic information? DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - Nucleic Acid Ionic one atom transfers electrons to the other. Covalent atoms are sharing valence electrons Hydrogen weak bonds found within/between polar molecules and DNA What do your cells use carbohydrates for, and what is the name of the preferred energy source? carbohydrates are used for energy - preferred molecule is glucose List the levels of organization in order from smallest to largest (atom-organism). 1. Atom 2. Molecule 3. Cell 4. Tissue 5. Organ 6. Organ system 7. Organism What four reasons make water vital to life? 1. high heat capacity 2. cushions vital organs 3. universal solvent 4. important reactant in chemical reactions throughout the body Why are proteins important for cells? Give examples of proteins in the body. Versatile, they make up 50% of organic matter in the body. Ex. enzymes and antibodies. What is the function of a lipid? What are some examples of lipids? storage of energy, cell membrane structure. Ex. phospholipids, triglycerides, steroids.